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1370(case)S
1570(letters)S
1843(are)S
1993(variable)S
2344(names.\))S
2711(Single)S
2994(digit)S
3205(numbers)S
3578(always)S
3885(have)S
4102(the)S
4252(value)S
4497(of)S
4608(the)S
4758(digit)S
4969(regard-)S
1728 V
1080(less)S
1260(of)S
1373(the)S
1525(value)S
1772(of)S
10 B
1885(ibase)S
10 R
2103(.)S
2157(\(i.e.)S
2343(A)S
2445(=)S
2531(10.\))S
2744(For)S
(multi-digit)430 2913 A
3372(numbers,)S
10 B
3772(bc)S
10 R
3902(changes)S
4254(all)S
(input)206 4383 A
4617(digits)S
4868(greater)S
5177(or)S
1848 V
1080(equal)S
1340(to)S
1460(ibase)S
1709(to)S
1829(the)S
1995(value)S
2256(of)S
10 B
2383(ibase)S
10 R
2601(-1.)S
2778(This)S
3000(makes)S
3300(the)S
3466(number)S
10 B
(FFF)186 3816 A
10 R
4045(always)S
4368(be)S
4506(the)S
4672(largest)S
4984(3)S
5077(digit)S
1968 V
1080(number)S
1412(of)S
1521(the)S
(input)206 1669 A
1900(base.)S
2136 V
1080(Full)S
1287(expressions)S
1801(are)S
1971(similar)S
2297(to)S
2421(many)S
2690(other)S
2943(high)S
3167(level)S
(languages.)427 3409 A
3907(Since)S
4177(there)S
4425(is)S
4538(only)S
4762(one)S
4953(kind)S
5177(of)S
2256 V
1080(number,)S
1439(there)S
1668(are)S
1819(no)S
1946(rules)S
2169(for)S
2314(mixing)S
2625(types.)S
2914(Instead,)S
3257(there)S
3486(are)S
3637(rules)S
3860(on)S
3987(the)S
4137(scale)S
4365(of)S
4475(expressions.)S
5020(Every)S
2376 V
1080(expression)S
1535(has)S
1695(a)S
1766(scale.)S
2044(This)S
2249(is)S
2342(derived)S
2670(from)S
2892(the)S
3041(scale)S
3269(of)S
3379(original)S
3718(numbers,)S
4115(the)S
4264(operation)S
4670(performed)S
5116(and)S
2496 V
1080(in)S
1186(many)S
1437(cases,)S
1703(the)S
1854(value)S
2100(of)S
2212(the)S
2363(variable)S
10 B
2716(scale)S
10 R
2923(.)S
2976(Legal)S
3234(values)S
3519(of)S
3631(the)S
3782(variable)S
10 B
4135(scale)S
10 R
4370(are)S
4522(0)S
4599(to)S
4704(the)S
4854(maximum)S
2616 V
1080(number)S
1412(representable)S
1975(by)S
2100(a)S
2170(C)S
2262(integer.)S
2784 V
1080(In)S
1203(the)S
1365(following)S
1795(descriptions)S
2320(of)S
2443(legal)S
2678(expressions,)S
3211("expr")S
3512(refers)S
3783(to)S
3901(a)S
3986(complete)S
4395(expression)S
4865(and)S
5050("var")S
2904 V
1080(refers)S
1336(to)S
1439(a)S
1509(simple)S
1802(or)S
1911(an)S
2031(array)S
2264(variable.)S
2664(A)S
2762(simple)S
3055(variable)S
3405(is)S
3497(just)S
3667(a)S
3024 V
10 I
1440(name)S
3144 V
10 R
1080(and)S
1250(an)S
1370(array)S
1603(variable)S
1953(is)S
2045(speci\256ed)S
2428(as)S
3264 V
10 I
1440(name)S
10 R
1658([)S
10 I
1692(expr)S
10 R
1871(])S
3384 V
1080(Unless)S
1379(speci\256cally)S
1863(mentioned)S
2312(the)S
2460(scale)S
2687(of)S
2796(the)S
2944(result)S
3193(is)S
3285(the)S
3433(maximum)S
3865(scale)S
4092(of)S
4201(the)S
4349(expressions)S
(involved.)376 4843 A
3552 V
1080(-)S
1139(expr)S
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(the)S
2111(negation)S
2482(of)S
2591(the)S
2739(expression.)S
3720 V
1080(++)S
1219(var)S
1440(The)S
1622(variable)S
1972(is)S
2064(incremented)S
2587(by)S
2712(one)S
2882(and)S
3052(the)S
3200(new)S
3393(value)S
3636(is)S
3728(the)S
3876(result)S
4125(of)S
4234(the)S
4382(expression.)S
3888 V
1080(--)S
1173(var)S
1440(The)S
1622(variable)S
1972(is)S
2064(decremented)S
2604(by)S
2729(one)S
2899(and)S
3069(the)S
3217(new)S
3410(value)S
3653(is)S
3745(the)S
3893(result)S
4142(of)S
4251(the)S
4399(expression.)S
4056 V
1080(var)S
1234(++)S
1471(The)S
1659(result)S
1914(of)S
2029(the)S
2183(expression)S
2644(is)S
2742(the)S
2896(value)S
3145(of)S
3260(the)S
3414(variable)S
3770(and)S
3947(then)S
4152(the)S
4307(variable)S
4664(is)S
4763(incremented)S
4176 V
1440(by)S
1565(one.)S
4344 V
1080(var)S
1234(--)S
1440(The)S
1629(result)S
1885(of)S
2001(the)S
2156(expression)S
2618(is)S
2717(the)S
2872(value)S
3122(of)S
3238(the)S
3393(variable)S
3750(and)S
3927(then)S
4132(the)S
4288(variable)S
4646(is)S
4746(decremented)S
4464 V
1440(by)S
1565(one.)S
4632 V
1080(expr)S
1284(+)S
1366(expr)S
4752 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(of)S
1980(the)S
2128(expression)S
2583(is)S
2675(the)S
2823(sum)S
3015(of)S
3124(the)S
3272(two)S
3448(expressions.)S
4920 V
1080(expr)S
1284(-)S
1343(expr)S
5040 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(of)S
1980(the)S
2128(expression)S
2583(is)S
2675(the)S
2823(difference)S
3258(of)S
3367(the)S
3515(two)S
3691(expressions.)S
5208 V
1080(expr)S
1284(*)S
1359(expr)S
5328 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(of)S
1980(the)S
2128(expression)S
2583(is)S
2675(the)S
(product)307 2823 A
3155(of)S
3264(the)S
3412(two)S
3588(expressions.)S
5496 V
1080(expr)S
1284(/)S
1337(expr)S
5616 V
1440(The)S
1629(result)S
1885(of)S
2001(the)S
2156(expression)S
2618(is)S
2717(the)S
(quotient)329 2872 A
3233(of)S
3349(the)S
3504(two)S
3687(expressions.)S
4239(The)S
4429(scale)S
4664(of)S
4781(the)S
4937(result)S
5194(is)S
5736 V
1440(the)S
1588(value)S
1831(of)S
1940(the)S
2088(variable)S
10 B
2438(scale)S
10 R
2645(.)S
5904 V
1080(expr)S
1284(%)S
1393(expr)S
6024 V
1440(The)S
1630(result)S
1887(of)S
2004(the)S
2160(expression)S
2623(is)S
2723(the)S
2879("remainder")S
3403(and)S
3582(it)S
3672(is)S
3773(computed)S
4203(in)S
4315(the)S
4472(following)S
4897(way.)S
5149(To)S
6144 V
1440(compute)S
1814(a%b,)S
2046(\256rst)S
2231(a/b)S
2382(is)S
2477(computed)S
2901(to)S
10 B
3006(scale)S
10 R
3240(digits.)S
3540(That)S
3752(result)S
4003(is)S
4097(used)S
4308(to)S
4413(compute)S
4786(a-\(a/b\)*b)S
5183(to)S
6264 V
1440(the)S
1605(scale)S
1849(of)S
1975(the)S
2140(maximum)S
2589(of)S
10 B
2715(scale)S
10 R
2922(+scale\(b\))S
3341(and)S
3528(scale\(a\).)S
3935(If)S
10 B
4045(scale)S
10 R
4294(is)S
4403(set)S
4557(to)S
4678(zero)S
4895(and)S
5083(both)S
6384 V
1440(expressions)S
1934(are)S
2083(integers)S
2427(this)S
2597(expression)S
3052(is)S
3144(the)S
3292(integer)S
3597(remainder)S
4031(function.)S
6552 V
1080(expr)S
1284(\303)S
1343(expr)S
6672 V
1440(The)S
1629(result)S
1885(of)S
2001(the)S
2156(expression)S
2618(is)S
2717(the)S
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3238(the)S
3394(\256rst)S
3584(raised)S
3858(to)S
3969(the)S
(second.)304 4125 A
4462(The)S
(second)279 4652 A
4964(expres-)S
6792 V
1440(sion)S
1633(must)S
1854(be)S
1975(an)S
2096(integer.)S
(\(If)102 2452 A
2580(the)S
(second)279 2728 A
3032(expression)S
3487(is)S
3579(not)S
3732(an)S
3852(integer,)S
4182(a)S
4252(warning)S
4607(is)S
4699(generated)S
5116(and)S
6912 V
1440(the)S
1604(expression)S
2075(is)S
2183(truncated)S
2599(to)S
2718(get)S
2882(an)S
3018(integer)S
3339(value.\))S
3682(The)S
3880(scale)S
4123(of)S
4248(the)S
4412(result)S
4677(is)S
10 B
4785(scale)S
10 R
5034(if)S
5138(the)S
7032 V
(exponent)368 1440 A
1838(is)S
1935(negative.)S
2356(If)S
2454(the)S
(exponent)368 2607 A
3005(is)S
(positive)318 3102 A
3450(the)S
3603(scale)S
3835(of)S
3949(the)S
4102(result)S
4356(is)S
4453(the)S
4606(minimum)S
5025(of)S
5138(the)S
7152 V
1440(scale)S
1668(of)S
1778(the)S
1928(\256rst)S
2112(expression)S
2569(times)S
2814(the)S
2964(value)S
3209(of)S
3320(the)S
(exponent)368 3470 A
3865(and)S
4037(the)S
4187(maximum)S
4621(of)S
10 B
4732(scale)S
10 R
4966(and)S
5138(the)S
7272 V
1440(scale)S
1688(of)S
1818(the)S
1986(\256rst)S
2188(expression.)S
2713(\(e.g.)S
2937(scale\(a\303b\))S
3381(=)S
3483(min\(scale\(a\)*b,)S
4158(max\()S
10 B
4410(scale,)S
10 R
(scale\(a\)\)\).\))442 4687 A
5199(It)S
7392 V
(should)267 1440 A
1732(be)S
1852(noted)S
2100(that)S
2276(expr\3030)S
(will)157 2564 A
2746(always)S
3051(return)S
3317(the)S
3465(value)S
3708(of)S
3817(1.)S
7903 V
720(September)S
1176(13,)S
(1996)200 1326 A
2936(\()S
2978(.)S
3011(\))S
4990(Page)S
5211(2)S
8143 V
EP
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480 V
10 R
720(bc)S
823(\()S
865(1)S
923(\))S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
5024(bc)S
5127(\()S
5169(1)S
5227(\))S
960 V
1080(\()S
1139(expr)S
1343(\))S
1440(This)S
1644(alters)S
1888(the)S
2036(standard)S
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2881(to)S
2984(force)S
3217(the)S
3365(evaluation)S
3809(of)S
3918(the)S
4066(expression.)S
1128 V
1080(var)S
1234(=)S
1316(expr)S
1248 V
1440(The)S
1622(variable)S
1972(is)S
2064(assigned)S
2435(the)S
2583(value)S
2826(of)S
2935(the)S
3083(expression.)S
1416 V
1080(var)S
1234(<op>=)S
1530(expr)S
1536 V
1440(This)S
1648(is)S
1744(equivalent)S
2192(to)S
2299("var)S
2498(=)S
2584(var)S
2742(<op>)S
2985(expr")S
3234(with)S
3442(the)S
3595(exception)S
4016(that)S
4197(the)S
4350("var")S
4591(part)S
4778(is)S
4875(evaluated)S
1656 V
1440(only)S
1643(once.)S
1908(This)S
2112(can)S
2277(make)S
2520(a)S
2590(difference)S
3025(if)S
3112("var")S
3348(is)S
3440(an)S
3560(array.)S
1824 V
1105(Relational)S
1548(expressions)S
2046(are)S
2199(a)S
2273(special)S
2582(kind)S
2790(of)S
2904(expression)S
3364(that)S
3545(always)S
3855(evaluate)S
4221(to)S
4329(0)S
4409(or)S
4523(1,)S
4628(0)S
4708(if)S
4800(the)S
4953(relation)S
1944 V
1080(is)S
1173(false)S
1390(and)S
1561(1)S
1637(if)S
1725(the)S
1874(relation)S
2208(is)S
2300(true.)S
2532(These)S
2798(may)S
2996(appear)S
3290(in)S
3393(any)S
3563(legal)S
3784(expression.)S
4289(\(POSIX)S
4640(bc)S
4760(requires)S
5110(that)S
2064 V
1080(relational)S
1486(expressions)S
1980(are)S
2129(used)S
2338(only)S
2541(in)S
2644(if,)S
2756(while,)S
3030(and)S
3200(for)S
3343(statements)S
3793(and)S
3963(that)S
4140(only)S
4344(one)S
4515(relational)S
4922(test)S
5088(may)S
2184 V
1080(be)S
(done)195 1200 A
1420(in)S
1523(them.\))S
1833(The)S
2015(relational)S
2421(operators)S
2821(are)S
2352 V
1080(expr1)S
1334(<)S
1416(expr2)S
2472 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(expr1)S
2379(is)S
2471(strictly)S
2776(less)S
2952(than)S
3150(expr2.)S
2640 V
1080(expr1)S
1334(<=)S
1473(expr2)S
2760 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(expr1)S
2379(is)S
2471(less)S
2647(than)S
2845(or)S
2954(equal)S
3197(to)S
3300(expr2.)S
2928 V
1080(expr1)S
1334(>)S
1416(expr2)S
3048 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(expr1)S
2379(is)S
2471(strictly)S
2776(greater)S
3082(than)S
3280(expr2.)S
3216 V
1080(expr1)S
1334(>=)S
1473(expr2)S
3336 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(expr1)S
2379(is)S
2471(greater)S
2777(than)S
2975(or)S
3084(equal)S
3327(to)S
3430(expr2.)S
3504 V
1080(expr1)S
1334(==)S
1473(expr2)S
3624 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(expr1)S
2379(is)S
2471(equal)S
2714(to)S
2817(expr2.)S
3792 V
1080(expr1)S
1334(!=)S
1450(expr2)S
3912 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(expr1)S
2379(is)S
2471(not)S
2624(equal)S
2867(to)S
2970(expr2.)S
4080 V
1080(Boolean)S
1449(operations)S
1903(are)S
2062(also)S
2259(legal.)S
2540(\(POSIX)S
10 B
2901(bc)S
10 R
3037(does)S
3256(NOT)S
3499(have)S
(boolean)318 3724 A
4077(operations\).)S
4590(The)S
4782(result)S
5041(of)S
5160(all)S
4200 V
(boolean)318 1080 A
1429(operations)S
1879(are)S
2034(0)S
2115(and)S
2290(1)S
2370(\(for)S
2552(false)S
2773(and)S
2948(true\))S
3169(as)S
3283(in)S
3391(relational)S
3802(expressions.)S
4351(The)S
(boolean)318 4538 A
4886(operators)S
4320 V
1080(are:)S
4488 V
1080(!expr)S
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(expr)S
2329(is)S
2421(0.)S
4656 V
1080(expr)S
1284(&&)S
1465(expr)S
4776 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(both)S
2328(expressions)S
2822(are)S
(non-zero.)383 2971 A
4944 V
1080(expr)S
1284(||)S
1349(expr)S
5064 V
1440(The)S
1622(result)S
1871(is)S
1963(1)S
2038(if)S
2125(either)S
2380(expression)S
2835(is)S
(non-zero.)383 2927 A
5232 V
1080(The)S
1262(expression)S
(precedence)454 1717 A
2196(is)S
2288(as)S
2397(follows:)S
2752(\(lowest)S
3074(to)S
3177(highest\))S
5352 V
1440(||)S
1505(operator,)S
1891(left)S
2051(associative)S
5472 V
1440(&&)S
1621(operator,)S
2007(left)S
2167(associative)S
5592 V
1440(!)S
1499(operator,)S
(nonassociative)592 1885 A
5712 V
1440(Relational)S
1879(operators,)S
2304(left)S
2464(associative)S
5832 V
1440(Assignment)S
1945(operator,)S
2331(right)S
2546(associative)S
5952 V
1440(+)S
1522(and)S
1692(-)S
1751(operators,)S
2176(left)S
2336(associative)S
6072 V
1440(*,)S
1540(/)S
1593(and)S
1763(%)S
1872(operators,)S
2297(left)S
2457(associative)S
6192 V
1440(\303)S
1499(operator,)S
1885(right)S
2100(associative)S
6312 V
1440(unary)S
1694(-)S
1753(operator,)S
(nonassociative)592 2139 A
6432 V
1440(++)S
1579(and)S
1749(--)S
1842(operators,)S
(nonassociative)592 2267 A
6600 V
1080(This)S
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1773(was)S
1960(chosen)S
2270(so)S
2390(that)S
2572(POSIX)S
2895(compliant)S
10 B
3328(bc)S
10 R
3460(programs)S
(will)157 3871 A
4059(run)S
4224(correctly.)S
4639(This)S
(will)157 4849 A
5037(cause)S
6720 V
1080(the)S
1237(use)S
1405(of)S
1523(the)S
1680(relational)S
2094(and)S
2272(logical)S
2579(operators)S
2987(to)S
3098(have)S
3321(some)S
(unusual)312 3566 A
3911(behavior)S
4296(when)S
4547(used)S
4764(with)S
4976(assign-)S
6840 V
1080(ment)S
1306(expressions.)S
1850(Consider)S
2238(the)S
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6960 V
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2136 V
10 B
1080(if)S
10 R
1167(\()S
1226(expression)S
1681(\))S
10 B
1740(then)S
10 R
1956(statement1)S
2417([)S
10 B
2451(else)S
10 R
2633(statement2])S
2256 V
1440(The)S
1623(if)S
1711(statement)S
2124(evaluates)S
2526(the)S
2676(expression)S
3133(and)S
3305(executes)S
3679(statement1)S
4142(or)S
4253(statement2)S
4716(depending)S
5161(on)S
2376 V
1440(the)S
1601(value)S
1857(of)S
1979(the)S
2140(expression.)S
2658(If)S
2764(the)S
2924(expression)S
3391(is)S
(non-zero,)383 3495 A
3915(statement1)S
4388(is)S
4492(executed.)S
4937(If)S
5042(state-)S
2496 V
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1723(is)S
1822(present)S
2145(and)S
2322(the)S
2477(value)S
2727(of)S
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3666(then)S
3871(statement2)S
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4880(\(The)S
5104(else)S
2616 V
1440(clause)S
1717(is)S
1809(an)S
1929(extension.\))S
2784 V
10 B
1080(while)S
10 R
1335(\()S
1394(expression)S
1849(\))S
1908(statement)S
2904 V
1440(The)S
1627(while)S
1881(statement)S
(will)157 2297 A
2484(execute)S
2822(the)S
2975(statement)S
3391(while)S
3645(the)S
3798(expression)S
4258(is)S
(non-zero.)383 4355 A
4793(It)S
4886(evaluates)S
3024 V
1440(the)S
1590(expression)S
2047(before)S
(each)185 2332 A
2544(execution)S
2962(of)S
3073(the)S
3223(statement.)S
3710(Termination)S
4234(of)S
4344(the)S
(loop)178 4493 A
4697(is)S
4790(caused)S
5090(by)S
5216(a)S
3144 V
1440(zero)S
1639(expression)S
2094(value)S
2337(or)S
2446(the)S
2594(execution)S
3010(of)S
3119(a)S
3189(break)S
3438(statement.)S
3312 V
10 B
1080(for)S
10 R
1234(\()S
([expression1])548 1293 A
1866(;)S
([expression2])548 1919 A
2492(;)S
([expression3])548 2545 A
3118(\))S
3177(statement)S
3432 V
1440(The)S
1645(for)S
1811(statement)S
2245(controls)S
2617(repeated)S
3008(execution)S
3448(of)S
3581(the)S
3753(statement.)S
(Expression1)497 4213 A
4759(is)S
4875(evaluated)S
3552 V
1440(before)S
1726(the)S
(loop.)203 1877 A
(Expression2)497 2133 A
2658(is)S
2753(evaluated)S
3166(before)S
(each)185 3451 A
3663(execution)S
4081(of)S
4192(the)S
4342(statement.)S
4805(If)S
4900(it)S
4983(is)S
(non-)184 5077 A
3672 V
1440(zero,)S
1670(the)S
1824(statement)S
2241(is)S
2339(evaluated.)S
2806(If)S
2905(it)S
2992(is)S
3090(zero,)S
3320(the)S
(loop)178 3474 A
3683(is)S
3781(terminated.)S
4293(After)S
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4754(execution)S
5177(of)S
3792 V
1440(the)S
1592(statement,)S
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2541(is)S
2637(evaluated)S
3052(before)S
3338(the)S
3489(reevaluation)S
4015(of)S
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1440(or)S
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2090(are)S
2257(missing,)S
2637(nothing)S
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3645(the)S
3812(point)S
4062(they)S
4279(would)S
4574(be)S
4713(evaluated.)S
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4032 V
(expression2)480 1440 A
1971(is)S
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2872(same)S
3129(as)S
(substituting)468 3263 A
3781(the)S
3954(value)S
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4322(for)S
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4152 V
1440(optional)S
1799(expressions)S
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2452(an)S
2577(extension.)S
3017(POSIX)S
10 B
3339(bc)S
10 R
3471(requires)S
3827(all)S
3959(three)S
4192(expressions.\))S
4776(The)S
4964(follow-)S
4272 V
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1685(equivalent)S
2129(code)S
2344(for)S
2487(the)S
2635(for)S
2778(statement:)S
4392 V
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4512 V
1440(while)S
(\(expression2\))548 1689 A
2262({)S
4632 V
1515(statement;)S
4752 V
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4872 V
1440(})S
5040 V
10 B
1080(break)S
10 R
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(recent)247 3406 A
3685(enclosing)S
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5042(state-)S
5160 V
1440(ment.)S
5328 V
10 B
1080(continue)S
5448 V
10 R
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1627(continue)S
2003(statement)S
2419(\(an)S
2578(extension\))S
3052(causes)S
3345(the)S
3498(most)S
(recent)247 3723 A
4000(enclosing)S
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4563(statement)S
4979(to)S
5087(start)S
5568 V
1440(the)S
1588(next)S
1786(iteration.)S
5736 V
10 B
1080(halt)S
10 R
1440(The)S
1624(halt)S
1802(statement)S
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2371(extension\))S
2817(is)S
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4305(the)S
10 B
4456(bc)S
10 R
4585(processor)S
4999(to)S
5105(quit)S
5856 V
1440(only)S
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1924(it)S
2024(is)S
2135(executed.)S
2587(For)S
2771(example,)S
3181("if)S
3328(\(0)S
3456(==)S
3614(1\))S
3742(halt")S
(will)157 3977 A
4177(not)S
4348(cause)S
10 B
4615(bc)S
10 R
4759(to)S
4880(terminate)S
5976 V
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1932(halt)S
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2353(executed.)S
6144 V
10 B
1080(return)S
10 R
1440(Return)S
1739(the)S
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2205(from)S
2426(a)S
2496(function.)S
2906(\(See)S
3111(the)S
3259(section)S
3569(on)S
3694(functions.\))S
6312 V
10 B
1080(return)S
10 R
1386(\()S
1445(expression)S
1900(\))S
6432 V
1440(Return)S
1739(the)S
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3063(a)S
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3543(\(See)S
3748(the)S
3896(section)S
4206(on)S
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6600 V
870(P)S
872(PS)S
930(SE)S
988(EU)S
1052(UD)S
1127(DO)S
1202(O)S
1318(S)S
1320(ST)S
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1517(TE)S
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1736(EN)S
1800(NT)S
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1939(S)S
6720 V
1080(These)S
1352(statements)S
1808(are)S
1963(not)S
2122(statements)S
2579(in)S
2689(the)S
(traditional)414 2844 A
3290(sense.)S
3590(They)S
3829(are)S
3985(not)S
4145(executed)S
4535(statements.)S
5042(Their)S
6840 V
1080(function)S
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1532(performed)S
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2075("compile")S
2506(time.)S
7008 V
10 B
1080(limits)S
10 R
1440(Print)S
1661(the)S
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2284(enforced)S
2662(by)S
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10 B
3586(bc)S
10 R
3687(.)S
3762(This)S
3966(is)S
4058(an)S
4178(extension.)S
7176 V
10 B
1080(quit)S
10 R
1440(When)S
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2477(is)S
2577(read,)S
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10 B
2965(bc)S
10 R
3099(processor)S
3518(is)S
3618(terminated,)S
4107(regardless)S
4549(of)S
4667(where)S
4948(the)S
5105(quit)S
7296 V
1440(statement)S
1851(is)S
(found.)259 1943 A
2252(For)S
2417(example,)S
2808("if)S
2936(\(0)S
3045(==)S
3184(1\))S
3293(quit")S
(will)157 3515 A
3697(cause)S
10 B
3946(bc)S
10 R
4072(to)S
4175(terminate.)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(5)S
2936(\()S
2978(.)S
3011(\))S
4455(September)S
4911(13,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
EP
%%Page: 6 6
BP
/slant 0 def
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480 V
10 R
720(bc)S
823(\()S
865(1)S
923(\))S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
5024(bc)S
5127(\()S
5169(1)S
5227(\))S
960 V
10 B
1080(warranty)S
1080 V
10 R
1440(Print)S
1661(a)S
(longer)257 1731 A
2013(warranty)S
2397(notice.)S
2718(This)S
2922(is)S
3014(an)S
3134(extension.)S
1248 V
870(F)S
872(FU)S
930(UN)S
1005(NC)S
1080(CT)S
1149(TI)S
1213(IO)S
1249(ON)S
1324(NS)S
1399(S)S
1368 V
1080(Functions)S
1517(provide)S
1865(a)S
(method)301 1951 A
2293(of)S
2418(de\256ning)S
2788(a)S
2874(computation)S
3418(that)S
3611(can)S
3793(be)S
3930(executed)S
4330(later.)S
4602(Functions)S
5040(in)S
10 B
5160(bc)S
1488 V
10 R
1080(always)S
1388(compute)S
1762(a)S
1835(value)S
2081(and)S
2254(return)S
2523(it)S
2607(to)S
2713(the)S
2864(caller.)S
3167(Function)S
(de\256nitions)424 3552 A
4004(are)S
("dynamic")428 4155 A
4610(in)S
4715(the)S
4865(sense)S
5110(that)S
1608 V
1080(a)S
1156(function)S
1522(is)S
(unde\256ned)396 1620 A
(until)184 2047 A
2262(a)S
(de\256nition)385 2338 A
2754(is)S
(encountered)492 2852 A
3375(in)S
3484(the)S
(input.)231 3638 A
3925(That)S
(de\256nition)385 4141 A
4557(is)S
4656(then)S
4861(used)S
(until)184 5077 A
1728 V
1080(another)S
(de\256nition)385 1422 A
1846(function)S
2220(for)S
2377(the)S
2539(same)S
2785(name)S
3042(is)S
(encountered.)517 3148 A
3729(The)S
3925(new)S
(de\256nition)385 4132 A
4556(then)S
(replaces)331 4768 A
5138(the)S
1848 V
1080(older)S
(de\256nition.)410 1312 A
1772(A)S
1870(function)S
2230(is)S
2322(de\256ned)S
2643(as)S
2752(follows:)S
1968 V
10 B
1440(de\256ne)S
10 I
1723(name)S
10 B
1966(\()S
10 I
2025(parameters)S
10 B
2508(\))S
2567({)S
10 I
2632(newline)S
2088 V
1540(auto_list)S
1966(statement_list)S
10 B
2550(})S
2208 V
10 R
1080(A)S
1178(function)S
1538(call)S
1709(is)S
1801(just)S
1971(an)S
2091(expression)S
2546(of)S
2655(the)S
2803(form)S
3024(")S
10 I
3065(name)S
10 B
3283(\()S
10 I
3317(parameters)S
10 B
3775(\))S
10 R
3809(".)S
2376 V
1080(Parameters)S
1562(are)S
1719(numbers)S
2098(or)S
2216(arrays)S
2497(\(an)S
2660(extension\).)S
3163(In)S
3281(the)S
3438(function)S
(de\256nition,)410 3807 A
4251(zero)S
4459(or)S
4577(more)S
4818(parameters)S
2496 V
1080(are)S
1238(de\256ned)S
1568(by)S
1702(listing)S
1987(their)S
2205(names)S
2495(separated)S
2909(by)S
3042(commas.)S
3460(Numbers)S
3862(are)S
4019(only)S
4230(call)S
4409(by)S
4542(value)S
4793(parameters.)S
2616 V
1080(Arrays)S
1400(are)S
1569(only)S
1792(call)S
1983(by)S
2128(variable.)S
2548(Arrays)S
2869(are)S
3039(speci\256ed)S
3443(in)S
3567(the)S
3736(parameter)S
(de\256nition)385 4186 A
4617(by)S
4763(the)S
4932(notation)S
2736 V
1080(")S
10 I
1121(name)S
10 B
1339([])S
10 R
1407(".)S
1564(In)S
1689(the)S
1853(function)S
2229(call,)S
2441(actual)S
2723(parameters)S
3207(are)S
3372(full)S
3553(expressions)S
4063(for)S
4222(number)S
4570(parameters.)S
5104(The)S
2856 V
1080(same)S
1312(notation)S
1666(is)S
1758(used)S
1967(for)S
2110(passing)S
2436(arrays)S
2708(as)S
2817(for)S
2960(de\256ning)S
3314(array)S
3547(parameters.)S
4065(The)S
4247(named)S
4540(array)S
4774(is)S
4867(passed)S
5161(by)S
2976 V
1080(variable)S
1449(to)S
1571(the)S
1737(function.)S
2165(Since)S
2432(function)S
(de\256nitions)424 2810 A
3277(are)S
(dynamic,)371 3444 A
3858(parameter)S
4305(numbers)S
4694(and)S
4882(types)S
5137(are)S
3096 V
1080(checked)S
1441(when)S
1690(a)S
1766(function)S
2132(is)S
2230(called.)S
2552(Any)S
2756(mismatch)S
3178(in)S
3287(number)S
3625(or)S
3740(types)S
3983(of)S
4098(parameters)S
(will)157 4572 A
4760(cause)S
5016(a)S
5093(run-)S
3216 V
1080(time)S
1284(error.)S
1556(A)S
1654(runtime)S
1992(error)S
(will)157 2214 A
2396(also)S
2583(occur)S
2832(for)S
2975(the)S
3123(call)S
3294(to)S
3397(an)S
(unde\256ned)396 3517 A
3938(function.)S
3384 V
1080(The)S
10 I
1275(auto_list)S
10 R
1664(is)S
1769(an)S
1903(optional)S
2271(list)S
2433(of)S
2556(variables)S
2959(that)S
3149(are)S
3312(for)S
3469("local")S
3786(use.)S
4009(The)S
4205(syntax)S
4506(of)S
4629(the)S
4791(auto)S
5003(list)S
5165(\(if)S
3504 V
1080(present\))S
1434(is)S
1530(")S
10 B
1571(auto)S
10 I
1790(name)S
10 R
2008(,)S
(...)75 2061 A
2164(;".)S
2311(\(The)S
2530(semicolon)S
2971(is)S
3066(optional.\))S
3507(Each)S
10 I
3737(name)S
10 R
3983(is)S
4078(the)S
4229(name)S
4475(of)S
4587(an)S
4710(auto)S
4911(variable.)S
3624 V
1080(Arrays)S
1385(may)S
1588(be)S
1713(speci\256ed)S
2101(by)S
2231(using)S
2478(the)S
2631(same)S
2868(notation)S
3227(as)S
3341(used)S
3555(in)S
3664(parameters.)S
4188(These)S
4460(variables)S
4855(have)S
5076(their)S
3744 V
1080(values)S
1372(pushed)S
1691(onto)S
1904(a)S
1984(stack)S
2226(at)S
2334(the)S
2492(start)S
2701(of)S
2820(the)S
2978(function.)S
3398(The)S
3590(variables)S
3989(are)S
4148(then)S
(initialized)403 4356 A
4794(to)S
4907(zero)S
5116(and)S
3864 V
1080(used)S
(throughout)440 1294 A
1764(the)S
1917(execution)S
2338(of)S
2452(the)S
2605(function.)S
3020(At)S
3151(function)S
3516(exit,)S
3722(these)S
3960(variables)S
4355(are)S
(popped)295 4510 A
4836(so)S
4956(that)S
5138(the)S
3984 V
1080(original)S
1434(value)S
1692(\(at)S
1839(the)S
2002(time)S
2221(of)S
2345(the)S
2508(function)S
2883(call\))S
3103(of)S
3227(these)S
3474(variables)S
3878(are)S
4042(restored.)S
4457(The)S
4654(parameters)S
5137(are)S
4104 V
1080(really)S
1337(auto)S
1537(variables)S
1928(that)S
2106(are)S
(initialized)403 2257 A
2688(to)S
2794(a)S
2867(value)S
3113(provided)S
3498(in)S
3604(the)S
3755(function)S
4118(call.)S
4342(Auto)S
4571(variables)S
4963(are)S
5115(dif-)S
4224 V
1080(ferent)S
1344(than)S
(traditional)414 1545 A
1987(local)S
2211(variables)S
2603(in)S
2709(the)S
2860(fact)S
3040(that)S
3219(if)S
3309(function)S
3672(A)S
3773(calls)S
3986(function)S
4349(B,)S
4469(B)S
4563(may)S
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5048(func-)S
4344 V
1080(tion)S
1266(A's)S
1442(auto)S
1645(variables)S
2039(by)S
2169(just)S
2344(using)S
2591(the)S
2744(same)S
2981(name,)S
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3535(function)S
3901(B)S
3999(has)S
4164(called)S
4436(them)S
4668(auto)S
4872(variables.)S
4464 V
1080(Due)S
1278(to)S
1386(the)S
1539(fact)S
1721(that)S
1901(auto)S
2103(variables)S
2496(and)S
2670(parameters)S
3142(are)S
3295(pushed)S
3608(onto)S
3815(a)S
3889(stack,)S
10 B
4150(bc)S
10 R
(supports)340 4280 A
4649(recursive)S
5048(func-)S
4584 V
1080(tions.)S
4752 V
1080(The)S
1271(function)S
(body)200 1640 A
1874(is)S
1975(a)S
2054(list)S
2212(of)S
10 B
2331(bc)S
10 R
2467(statements.)S
2977(Again,)S
3283(statements)S
3743(are)S
3902(separated)S
4318(by)S
4453(semicolons)S
4940(or)S
5059(new-)S
4872 V
1080(lines.)S
1353(Return)S
1660(statements)S
2118(cause)S
2375(the)S
2531(termination)S
3028(of)S
3144(a)S
3221(function)S
3588(and)S
3765(the)S
3920(return)S
4193(of)S
4309(a)S
4386(value.)S
4686(There)S
4954(are)S
5110(two)S
4992 V
1080(versions)S
1442(of)S
1553(the)S
1703(return)S
1971(statement.)S
2434(The)S
2618(\256rst)S
2802(form,)S
3050(")S
10 B
3091(return)S
10 R
3372(",)S
3465(returns)S
3772(the)S
3923(value)S
4169(0)S
4247(to)S
4353(the)S
(calling)274 4504 A
4806(expression.)S
5112 V
1080(The)S
(second)279 1268 A
1577(form,)S
1828(")S
10 B
1869(return)S
2180(\()S
10 I
2244(expression)S
10 B
2704(\))S
10 R
2738(",)S
2834(computes)S
3249(the)S
3402(value)S
3650(of)S
3764(the)S
3917(expression)S
4377(and)S
4552(returns)S
4862(that)S
5043(value)S
5232 V
1080(to)S
1186(the)S
(calling)274 1337 A
1639(expression.)S
2148(There)S
2413(is)S
2509(an)S
2633(implied)S
2969(")S
10 B
3010(return)S
3320(\(0\))S
10 R
3438(")S
3508(at)S
3610(the)S
3762(end)S
3936(of)S
4049(every)S
4302(function.)S
4716(This)S
4924(allows)S
5216(a)S
5352 V
1080(function)S
1440(to)S
1543(terminate)S
1949(and)S
2119(return)S
2385(0)S
(without)307 2460 A
2792(an)S
2912(explicit)S
3239(return)S
3505(statement.)S
5520 V
1080(Functions)S
1506(also)S
1698(change)S
2013(the)S
2166(usage)S
2425(of)S
2539(the)S
2692(variable)S
10 B
3047(ibase)S
10 R
3265(.)S
3345(All)S
3504(constants)S
3908(in)S
4017(the)S
4171(function)S
(body)200 4537 A
(will)157 4768 A
4956(be)S
5082(con-)S
5640 V
1080(verted)S
1358(using)S
1601(the)S
1750(value)S
1994(of)S
10 B
2104(ibase)S
10 R
2348(at)S
2447(the)S
2596(time)S
2801(of)S
2911(the)S
3060(function)S
3421(call.)S
3642(Changes)S
4013(of)S
10 B
4122(ibase)S
10 R
(will)157 4365 A
4547(be)S
(ignored)307 4667 A
4999(during)S
5760 V
1080(the)S
1234(execution)S
1656(of)S
1771(the)S
1925(function)S
2291(except)S
2585(for)S
2734(the)S
2888(standard)S
3260(function)S
10 B
3626(read)S
10 R
3822(,)S
3878(which)S
(will)157 4155 A
4343(always)S
4654(use)S
4820(the)S
4975(current)S
5880 V
1080(value)S
1323(of)S
10 B
1432(ibase)S
10 R
1675(for)S
(conversion)441 1818 A
2284(of)S
2393(numbers.)S
6048 V
870(M)S
872(MA)S
963(AT)S
1038(TH)S
1102(H)S
1218(L)S
1220(LI)S
1284(IB)S
1320(BR)S
1389(RA)S
1458(AR)S
1533(RY)S
1602(Y)S
6168 V
1080(If)S
10 B
1179(bc)S
10 R
1311(is)S
(invoked)323 1409 A
1763(with)S
1973(the)S
10 B
2127(-l)S
10 R
2220(option,)S
2532(a)S
2608(math)S
2840(library)S
3140(is)S
3238(preloaded)S
3666(and)S
3843(the)S
3998(default)S
4310(scale)S
4544(is)S
4643(set)S
4787(to)S
4897(20.)S
5104(The)S
6288 V
1080(math)S
1320(functions)S
(will)157 1732 A
1927(calculate)S
2324(their)S
2547(results)S
2848(to)S
2964(the)S
3125(scale)S
3365(set)S
3515(at)S
3626(the)S
3787(time)S
4004(of)S
4126(their)S
4349(call.)S
4558(The)S
4753(math)S
4992(library)S
6408 V
1080(de\256nes)S
1390(the)S
1538(following)S
1954(functions:)S
6576 V
1080(s)S
1144(\()S
10 I
1178(x)S
10 R
1223(\))S
1440(The)S
1622(sine)S
1809(of)S
1918(x)S
1993(in)S
2096(radians.)S
6744 V
1080(c)S
1150(\()S
10 I
1184(x)S
10 R
1229(\))S
1440(The)S
1622(cosine)S
1904(of)S
2013(x)S
2088(in)S
2191(radians.)S
6912 V
1080(a)S
1150(\()S
10 I
1184(x)S
10 R
1229(\))S
1440(The)S
1622(arctangent)S
2067(of)S
2176(x.)S
7080 V
1080(l)S
1133(\()S
10 I
1167(x)S
10 R
1212(\))S
1440(The)S
1622(natural)S
1927(logarithm)S
2343(of)S
2452(x.)S
7248 V
1080(e)S
1150(\()S
10 I
1184(x)S
10 R
1229(\))S
1440(The)S
(exponential)469 1622 A
2116(function)S
2476(of)S
2585(raising)S
2884(e)S
2954(to)S
3057(the)S
3205(value)S
3448(x.)S
7903 V
720(September)S
1176(13,)S
(1996)200 1326 A
2936(\()S
2978(.)S
3011(\))S
4990(Page)S
5211(6)S
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(bc)S
823(\()S
865(1)S
923(\))S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
5024(bc)S
5127(\()S
5169(1)S
5227(\))S
960 V
1080(j)S
1133(\()S
10 I
1167(n,x)S
10 R
1287(\))S
1440(The)S
1622(bessel)S
1893(function)S
2253(of)S
2362(integer)S
2667(order)S
2905(n)S
2980(of)S
3089(x.)S
1128 V
870(E)S
872(EX)S
936(XA)S
1011(AM)S
1086(MP)S
1177(PL)S
1235(LE)S
1299(ES)S
1363(S)S
1248 V
1080(In)S
1189(/bin/sh,)S
1537(the)S
1685(following)S
(will)157 2101 A
2283(assign)S
2559(the)S
2707(value)S
2950(of)S
3059("pi")S
3244(to)S
3347(the)S
3495(shell)S
3710(variable)S
10 B
4060(pi)S
10 R
4144(.)S
1488 V
10 B
1440(pi=$\(echo)S
1886("scale=10;)S
(4*a\(1\)")324 2365 A
2714(|)S
2761(bc)S
2887(-l\))S
1776 V
10 R
1080(The)S
1272(following)S
1698(is)S
1800(the)S
(de\256nition)385 1958 A
2378(of)S
2497(the)S
(exponential)469 2655 A
3159(function)S
3529(used)S
3748(in)S
3861(the)S
4019(math)S
4255(library.)S
4609(This)S
4823(function)S
5194(is)S
1896 V
(written)286 1080 A
1391(in)S
1494(POSIX)S
10 B
1811(bc)S
10 R
1912(.)S
2136 V
10 B
1440(scale)S
1672(=)S
1754(20)S
2376 V
1440(/*)S
1543(Uses)S
1764(the)S
1924(fact)S
2112(that)S
2311(e\303x)S
2465(=)S
(\(e\303\(x/2\)\)\3032)427 2547 A
2496 V
1515(When)S
1797(x)S
1872(is)S
1964(small)S
2218(enough,)S
2581(we)S
2724(use)S
2889(the)S
3049(series:)S
2616 V
1565(e\303x)S
1719(=)S
1801(1)S
1876(+)S
1958(x)S
2033(+)S
2115(x\3032/2!)S
2386(+)S
2468(x\3033/3!)S
2739(+)S
(...)75 2821 A
2736 V
1440(*/)S
2976 V
1440(de\256ne)S
1723(e\(x\))S
1911({)S
3096 V
1490(auto)S
1730(a,)S
1830(d,)S
1936(e,)S
2031(f,)S
2115(i,)S
2193(m,)S
2327(v,)S
2427(z)S
3336 V
1490(/*)S
1593(Check)S
1893(the)S
2053(sign)S
2251(of)S
2360(x.)S
2460(*/)S
3456 V
1490(if)S
1577(\(x<0\))S
1827({)S
3576 V
1540(m)S
1649(=)S
1731(1)S
3696 V
1540(x)S
1615(=)S
1697(-x)S
3816 V
1490(})S
4056 V
1490(/*)S
(Precondition)555 1593 A
2173(x.)S
2273(*/)S
4176 V
1490(z)S
1560(=)S
1642(scale;)S
4296 V
1490(scale)S
1722(=)S
1804(4)S
1879(+)S
1961(z)S
2031(+)S
(.44*x;)259 2113 A
4416 V
1490(while)S
1745(\(x)S
1854(>)S
1936(1\))S
2045({)S
4536 V
1540(f)S
1599(+=)S
1738(1;)S
4656 V
1540(x)S
1615(/=)S
1725(2;)S
4776 V
1490(})S
5016 V
1490(/*)S
1593(Initialize)S
1999(the)S
2159(variables.)S
2600(*/)S
5136 V
1490(v)S
1565(=)S
1647(1+x)S
5256 V
1490(a)S
1565(=)S
1647(x)S
5376 V
1490(d)S
1571(=)S
1653(1)S
5616 V
1490(for)S
1644(\(i=2;)S
1872(1;)S
1981(i++\))S
2182({)S
5736 V
1540(e)S
1610(=)S
1692(\(a)S
1801(*=)S
1933(x\))S
2042(/)S
2095(\(d)S
2210(*=)S
2342(i\))S
5856 V
1540(if)S
1627(\(e)S
1731(==)S
1870(0\))S
1979({)S
5976 V
1590(if)S
1677(\(f>0\))S
1911(while)S
(\(f--\))170 2166 A
2386(v)S
2461(=)S
(v*v;)184 2543 A
6096 V
1590(scale)S
1822(=)S
1904(z)S
6216 V
1590(if)S
1677(\(m\))S
1854(return)S
2160(\(1/v\);)S
6336 V
1590(return)S
1896(\(v/1\);)S
6456 V
1540(})S
6576 V
1540(v)S
1615(+=)S
1754(e)S
6696 V
1490(})S
6816 V
1440(})S
7104 V
10 R
1080(The)S
1262(following)S
1678(is)S
1770(code)S
1985(that)S
2161(uses)S
2359(the)S
2507(extended)S
2895(features)S
3240(of)S
10 B
3350(bc)S
10 R
3477(to)S
3581(implement)S
4037(a)S
4108(simple)S
4402(program)S
4769(for)S
4913(calculat-)S
7224 V
1080(ing)S
(checkbook)435 1239 A
1705(balances.)S
2133(This)S
2343(program)S
2715(is)S
2813(best)S
3006(kept)S
3210(in)S
3319(a)S
3395(\256le)S
3555(so)S
3675(that)S
3857(it)S
3944(can)S
4114(be)S
4239(used)S
4453(many)S
4706(times)S
(without)307 4954 A
7344 V
1080(having)S
1378(to)S
1481(retype)S
1758(it)S
1839(at)S
1937(every)S
2186(use.)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(7)S
2936(\()S
2978(.)S
3011(\))S
4455(September)S
4911(13,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(bc)S
823(\()S
865(1)S
923(\))S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
5024(bc)S
5127(\()S
5169(1)S
5227(\))S
960 V
10 B
1440(scale=2)S
1080 V
1440(print)S
1684("\\nCheck)S
2124(book)S
2361(program!\\n")S
1200 V
1440(print)S
1684(")S
1790(Remember,)S
2317(deposits)S
2689(are)S
2854(negative)S
3237(transactions.\\n")S
1320 V
1440(print)S
1684(")S
1790(Exit)S
1994(by)S
2125(a)S
2200(0)S
2275(transaction.\\n\\n")S
1560 V
1440(print)S
1684("Initial)S
2028(balance?)S
2433(";)S
2548(bal)S
2707(=)S
2789(read\(\))S
1680 V
1440(bal)S
1599(/=)S
1709(1)S
1800 V
1440(print)S
1684("\\n")S
1920 V
1440(while)S
1695(\(1\))S
1838({)S
2040 V
("current)382 1490 A
1897(balance)S
2252(=)S
2334(";)S
2449(bal)S
2160 V
1490("transaction?)S
2108(";)S
2223(trans)S
2472(=)S
2554(read\(\))S
2280 V
1490(if)S
1577(\(trans)S
1860(==)S
1999(0\))S
2108(break;)S
2400 V
1490(bal)S
1649(-=)S
1765(trans)S
2520 V
1490(bal)S
1649(/=)S
1759(1)S
2640 V
1440(})S
2760 V
1440(quit)S
3048 V
10 R
1080(The)S
1262(following)S
1678(is)S
1770(the)S
(de\256nition)385 1918 A
2328(of)S
2437(the)S
2585(recursive)S
2980(factorial)S
3342(function.)S
3288 V
10 B
1440(de\256ne)S
1723(f)S
1782(\(x\))S
1925({)S
3408 V
1490(if)S
1577(\(x)S
1686(<=)S
1825(1\))S
1934(return)S
2240(\(1\);)S
3528 V
1490(return)S
(\(f\(x-1\))270 1796 A
2091(*)S
2166(x\);)S
3648 V
1440(})S
3936 V
10 R
870(D)S
872(DI)S
947(IF)S
983(FF)S
1041(FE)S
1099(ER)S
1163(RE)S
1232(EN)S
1296(NC)S
1371(CE)S
1440(ES)S
1504(S)S
4056 V
1080(This)S
1293(version)S
1623(of)S
10 B
1741(bc)S
10 R
1876(was)S
2067(implemented)S
2626(from)S
2856(the)S
3013(POSIX)S
(P1003.2/D11)532 3339 A
3905(draft)S
4131(and)S
4311(contains)S
4681(several)S
5002(differ-)S
4176 V
1080(ences)S
1333(and)S
1507(extensions)S
1960(relative)S
2292(to)S
2399(the)S
2551(draft)S
2771(and)S
(traditional)414 2945 A
3388(implementations.)S
4137(It)S
4228(is)S
4323(not)S
4479(implemented)S
5032(in)S
5138(the)S
4296 V
(traditional)414 1080 A
1522(way)S
1718(using)S
10 I
1963(dc\(1\).)S
10 R
2229(This)S
2436(version)S
2761(is)S
2857(a)S
2931(single)S
3200(process)S
3531(which)S
3806(parses)S
4087(and)S
4261(runs)S
4463(a)S
4537(byte)S
4739(code)S
4958(transla-)S
4416 V
1080(tion)S
1263(of)S
1374(the)S
1524(program.)S
1941(There)S
2203(is)S
2296(an)S
("undocumented")673 2417 A
3116(option)S
3398(\(-c\))S
3571(that)S
3748(causes)S
4037(the)S
4186(program)S
4553(to)S
4657(output)S
4939(the)S
5088(byte)S
4536 V
1080(code)S
1309(to)S
1426(the)S
1588(standard)S
1968(output)S
2263(instead)S
2587(of)S
(running)312 2710 A
3061(it.)S
3206(It)S
3307(was)S
3503(mainly)S
3821(used)S
4045(for)S
(debugging)423 4203 A
4666(the)S
4829(parser)S
5116(and)S
4656 V
1080(preparing)S
1491(the)S
1639(math)S
1865(library.)S
4824 V
1080(A)S
1182(major)S
1446(source)S
1738(of)S
1851(differences)S
2329(is)S
2425(extensions,)S
2903(where)S
3179(a)S
3253(feature)S
3563(is)S
3659(extended)S
4052(to)S
4160(add)S
4335(more)S
(functionality)514 4572 A
5116(and)S
4944 V
(additions,)393 1080 A
1498(where)S
1770(new)S
1963(features)S
2308(are)S
2457(added.)S
2747(The)S
2929(following)S
3345(is)S
3437(the)S
3585(list)S
3733(of)S
3842(differences)S
4316(and)S
4486(extensions.)S
5112 V
(LANG)281 1080 A
1630(This)S
1848(version)S
2183(does)S
2406(not)S
2573(conform)S
2953(to)S
3070(the)S
3232(POSIX)S
3563(standard)S
3943(in)S
4060(the)S
4223(processing)S
4693(of)S
4817(the)S
(LANG)281 4980 A
5232 V
1630(environment)S
2163(variable)S
2513(and)S
2683(all)S
2809(environment)S
3342(variables)S
3731(starting)S
4058(with)S
4262(LC_.)S
5400 V
1080(names)S
(Traditional)448 1630 A
2115(and)S
2297(POSIX)S
10 B
2626(bc)S
10 R
2764(have)S
2992(single)S
3270(letter)S
3516(names)S
3811(for)S
3967(functions,)S
4404(variables)S
4806(and)S
4989(arrays.)S
5520 V
1630(They)S
1863(have)S
2079(been)S
2295(extended)S
2684(to)S
2788(be)S
(multi-character)617 2908 A
3550(names)S
3832(that)S
4008(start)S
4207(with)S
4411(a)S
4481(letter)S
4714(and)S
4884(may)S
5082(con-)S
5640 V
1630(tain)S
1806(letters,)S
2103(numbers)S
2474(and)S
2644(the)S
(underscore)442 2792 A
3259(character.)S
5808 V
1080(Strings)S
1630(Strings)S
1950(are)S
2110(not)S
2274(allowed)S
2629(to)S
2743(contain)S
3075(NUL)S
3319(characters.)S
3815(POSIX)S
4143(says)S
4352(all)S
4489(characters)S
4935(must)S
5166(be)S
5928 V
1630(included)S
2001(in)S
2104(strings.)S
6096 V
1080(last)S
1630(POSIX)S
10 B
1953(bc)S
10 R
2085(does)S
2300(not)S
2459(have)S
2680(a)S
10 B
2756(last)S
10 R
2939(variable.)S
3346(Some)S
3607(implementations)S
4309(of)S
10 B
4425(bc)S
10 R
4558(use)S
4724(the)S
4879(period)S
5168(\(.\))S
6216 V
1630(in)S
1733(a)S
1803(similar)S
2108(way.)S
6384 V
1080(comparisons)S
1630(POSIX)S
10 B
1967(bc)S
10 R
2113(allows)S
2421(comparisons)S
2974(only)S
3197(in)S
3320(the)S
3488(if)S
3595(statement,)S
4051(the)S
4220(while)S
4490(statement,)S
4947(and)S
5138(the)S
6504 V
(second)279 1630 A
1940(expression)S
2401(of)S
2516(the)S
2670(for)S
2819(statement.)S
3286(Also,)S
3532(only)S
3741(one)S
3916(relational)S
4327(operation)S
4737(is)S
4834(allowed)S
5183(in)S
6624 V
(each)185 1630 A
1840(of)S
1949(those)S
2186(statements.)S
6792 V
1080(if)S
1167(statement,)S
1603(else)S
1785(clause)S
6912 V
1630(POSIX)S
10 B
1947(bc)S
10 R
2073(does)S
2282(not)S
2435(have)S
2650(an)S
2770(else)S
2952(clause.)S
7080 V
1080(for)S
1223(statement)S
7200 V
1630(POSIX)S
10 B
1947(bc)S
10 R
2073(requires)S
2423(all)S
2549(expressions)S
3043(to)S
3146(be)S
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7368 V
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10 B
1947(bc)S
10 R
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2798(logical)S
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7903 V
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1176(13,)S
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2936(\()S
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3011(\))S
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1955(bc)S
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3727(implementations)S
4431(of)S
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2232 V
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5082(This)S
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2711(them.)S
2997(If)S
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3191(does)S
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3746(the)S
3904("old)S
4108(style")S
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4861(operators,)S
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1778(statement)S
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2300(=-)S
2416(1")S
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2714(decrement)S
10 B
3159(a)S
10 R
3234(by)S
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3744(of)S
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1368(in)S
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3000 V
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4128 V
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3336(block.)S
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3785(block.)S
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1959(an)S
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3094(SIGINT)S
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3756(\(usually)S
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4707(the)S
4875(control-C)S
5376 V
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2440(terminal\))S
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3742(of)S
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2851("runtime")S
3281(error)S
3513(indicating)S
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2345(structures)S
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2985(been)S
3204(cleaned)S
3541(up,)S
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3769(message)S
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4325(be)S
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5736 V
1630(user)S
1826(that)S
10 B
2005(bc)S
10 R
2134(is)S
2229(ready)S
2481(for)S
2627(more)S
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3303(previously)S
3755(de\256ned)S
4079(functions)S
4482(remain)S
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2023(of)S
2133(all)S
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10 B
4450(bc)S
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4551(.)S
6264 V
870(L)S
872(LI)S
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2690(in)S
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10 R
3530(processor.)S
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3662(maximum)S
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1080(BC_DIM_MAX)S
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1736(currently)S
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2245(arbitrary)S
2618(limit)S
2833(of)S
(65535)250 2942 A
3217(as)S
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3831(Your)S
4063(installation)S
4535(may)S
4733(be)S
4853(different.)S
7248 V
1080(BC_SCALE_MAX)S
7368 V
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1624(number)S
1958(of)S
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2319(after)S
2532(the)S
2682(decimal)S
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3358(limited)S
3671(to)S
3777(INT_MAX)S
4259(digits.)S
4560(Also,)S
4803(the)S
4954(number)S
7488 V
1440(of)S
1549(digits)S
1797(before)S
2080(the)S
2228(decimal)S
2572(point)S
2803(is)S
2895(limited)S
3205(to)S
3308(INT_MAX)S
3787(digits.)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(9)S
2936(\()S
2978(.)S
3011(\))S
4455(September)S
4911(13,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
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720(bc)S
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5024(bc)S
5127(\()S
5169(1)S
5227(\))S
960 V
1080(BC_STRING_MAX)S
1080 V
1440(The)S
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1962(the)S
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2986(in)S
3089(a)S
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3413(is)S
3505(INT_MAX)S
3984(characters.)S
1248 V
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1622(value)S
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1974(the)S
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2515(in)S
2618(the)S
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2982(operation)S
(\(\303\))102 3387 A
3514(is)S
3606(limited)S
3916(to)S
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1536 V
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1440(The)S
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1993(routine)S
2306(may)S
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2736(incorrect)S
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3912(has)S
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5161(90)S
1776 V
1440(total)S
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1942(For)S
2107(32)S
2232(bit)S
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2630(this)S
2800(number)S
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(23,860,929)450 3224 A
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1080(code)S
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2064 V
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2031(and)S
2203(the)S
2353("main")S
2663(program)S
3031(are)S
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3494(to)S
(10240)250 3600 A
3878(bytes)S
4118(of)S
4230(compiled)S
4632(byte)S
4833(code)S
(each.)210 5051 A
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1652(limit)S
1875(\(BC_MAX_SEGS\))S
2692(can)S
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2993(easily)S
3261(changed)S
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4407(10)S
4539(segments)S
4945(of)S
(1024)200 5061 A
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1440(bytes.)S
2472 V
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1430(names)S
2592 V
1440(The)S
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1937(limit)S
2154(on)S
2281(the)S
2431(number)S
2765(of)S
2876(unique)S
3176(names)S
3460(is)S
(32767)250 3554 A
3831(for)S
(each)185 3976 A
4189(of)S
4301(simple)S
4597(variables,)S
5014(arrays)S
2712 V
1440(and)S
1610(functions.)S
2880 V
9 R
720(F)S
722(FI)S
774(IL)S
807(LE)S
865(ES)S
923(S)S
3000 V
10 R
1080(In)S
1192(most)S
1415(installations,)S
10 B
1954(bc)S
10 R
2083(is)S
2178(completely)S
2653(self-contained.)S
3302(Where)S
3599(executable)S
4058(size)S
4243(is)S
4338(of)S
4450(importance)S
4931(or)S
5043(the)S
5194(C)S
3120 V
1080(compiler)S
1480(does)S
1706(not)S
1876(deal)S
2085(with)S
2305(very)S
(long)178 2525 A
2744(strings,)S
10 B
3078(bc)S
10 R
(will)157 3220 A
3418(read)S
3633(the)S
3797(standard)S
4179(math)S
4421(library)S
4731(from)S
4968(the)S
5132(\256le)S
3240 V
(/usr/local/lib/libmath.b.)944 1080 A
2074(\(The)S
2290(actual)S
2556(location)S
2905(may)S
3103(vary.)S
3357(It)S
3444(may)S
3642(be)S
(/lib/libmath.b.\))603 3762 A
3408 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DI)S
790(IA)S
823(AG)S
891(GN)S
959(NO)S
1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
1147(TI)S
1205(IC)S
1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
3528 V
10 R
1080(If)S
1181(any)S
1359(\256le)S
1521(on)S
1654(the)S
1810(command)S
2239(line)S
2423(can)S
2596(not)S
2758(be)S
2887(opened,)S
10 B
3236(bc)S
10 R
(will)157 3371 A
3562(report)S
3837(that)S
4022(the)S
4179(\256le)S
4342(is)S
4443(unavailable)S
4941(and)S
5120(ter-)S
3648 V
1080(minate.)S
1429(Also,)S
1669(there)S
1896(are)S
2045(compile)S
2394(and)S
2564(run)S
2723(time)S
(diagnostics)452 2927 A
3404(that)S
(should)267 3580 A
3872(be)S
3992(self-explanatory.)S
3816 V
9 R
720(B)S
722(BU)S
784(UG)S
852(GS)S
920(S)S
3936 V
10 R
1080(Error)S
1319(recovery)S
1697(is)S
1789(not)S
1942(very)S
(good)200 2146 A
2371(yet.)S
4104 V
9 R
720(A)S
722(AU)S
790(UT)S
858(TH)S
916(HO)S
984(OR)S
1052(R)S
4224 V
10 R
(Philip)240 1080 A
1345(A.)S
1468(Nelson)S
4344 V
1080(phil@cs.wwu.edu)S
4512 V
9 R
720(A)S
722(AC)S
790(CK)S
852(KN)S
920(NO)S
988(OW)S
1056(WL)S
1144(LE)S
1202(ED)S
1260(DG)S
1328(GE)S
1396(EM)S
1454(ME)S
1536(EN)S
1594(NT)S
1662(TS)S
1720(S)S
4632 V
10 R
1080(The)S
1270(author)S
1560(would)S
1844(like)S
2028(to)S
2139(thank)S
2395(Steve)S
2652(Sommars)S
3065(\(sesv@iwtsf.att.com\))S
3958(for)S
4109(his)S
4260(extensive)S
4674(help)S
4881(in)S
4993(testing)S
4752 V
1080(the)S
1244(implementation.)S
1966(Many)S
2241(great)S
(suggestions)468 2484 A
2993(were)S
3231(given.)S
3545(This)S
3765(is)S
3873(a)S
3959(much)S
4223(better)S
(product)307 4494 A
4841(due)S
5026(to)S
5144(his)S
4872 V
(involvement.)527 1080 A
7903 V
720(September)S
1176(13,)S
(1996)200 1326 A
2936(\()S
2978(.)S
3011(\))S
4940(Page)S
5161(10)S
8143 V
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