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2762(FDISK)S 3086(program)S (under)229 3458 A 3718(DOS)S 3951(to)S 4060(delete)S 4332(the)S 4486(extra)S (partition,)366 4719 A 5116(and)S 2976 V 1080(let)S 1207(Minix)S 1478(part)S 1661(create)S 1929(a)S 2000(new)S 2194(one.)S 2415(DO)S 2587(NOT)S 2821(use)S 2981(part)S 3165(to)S 3270(shrink)S 3548(an)S 3670(existing)S (partition!)375 4015 A 4442(Minix)S 4714(needs)S 4970(a)S 5042(parti-)S 3096 V 1080(tion)S 1265(of)S 1378(at)S 1480(least)S 1694(20)S 1823(Mb,)S 2016(but)S 2173(not)S 2330(larger)S 2595(than)S (128)150 2797 A 2976(Mb)S 3144(\(Minix-86\))S 3620(or)S 3733(1)S 3812(Gb)S (\(Minix-386\).)522 3964 A 4540(The)S 4725(system)S 5032(needs)S 3216 V 1080(30)S 1205(Mb)S 1369(in)S 1472(compiled)S 1871(state.)S 3384 V 1080(The)S 1264(script)S 1515(then)S 1715(wants)S 1977(to)S (know)223 2082 A 2332(the)S 2482(name)S 2727(of)S 2838(the)S (partition)341 2988 A (you've)279 3356 A 3662(created,)S 4006(this)S 4178(name)S 4423(is)S 4518(probably)S (still)151 4903 A 5082(visi-)S 3504 V 1080(ble)S 1243(on)S 1383(the)S 1546(screen)S (\(hd2,)209 1844 A (hd6,)175 2092 A 2306(something)S 2763(like)S 2953(that.\))S 3227(The)S 3423(new)S (partition)341 3630 A 4010(table)S 4245(is)S 4351(reloaded)S 4737(into)S 4932(the)S 5094(disk)S 3624 V 1080(driver,)S 1375(and)S 1549(the)S 1701(new)S 1899(Minix)S (partition)341 2174 A 2545(is)S 2642(carved)S 2941(up)S 3071(into)S 3257(two)S (subpartitions,)544 3438 A 4012(a)S (1440)200 4087 A 4317(kb)S 4447(root)S 4639(and)S 4814(the)S 4967(rest)S 5143(for)S 3744 V 1080(/usr.)S 3912 V 1080(After)S 1320(making)S 1647(/usr,)S 1849(it)S 1931(is)S 2024(immediately)S 2553(put)S 2707(to)S 2811(use)S 2971(to)S (replace)292 3075 A 3393(the)S 3542(installation)S 4015(/usr)S 4192(\256le)S 4347(system)S 4652(so)S 4767(that)S (you)150 4944 A 5121(can)S 4032 V 1080(remove)S 1412(the)S 8 R 1560(USR)S 10 R 1747(diskette)S 2090(and)S 2265(insert)S 2519(the)S 8 R 2667(ROOT)S 10 R 2917(diskette)S 3260(\(unless)S 3575(they)S 3778(are)S 3932(one)S 4107(and)S 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1457(now)S 1662(skip)S 1861(the)S 2016(next)S 2221(section)S 2538(and)S 2715(move)S 2970(to)S 3080("TESTING",)S 3641(but)S 3801(it)S 3889(may)S 4094(be)S 4221(instructive)S 4678(to)S 4788(read)S 4994(it)S 5082(any-)S 4968 V 1080(way.)S 5136 V 870(5)S 872(5.)S 924(.)S 976(M)S 978(MA)S 1069(AN)S 1144(NU)S 1219(UA)S 1294(AL)S 1369(L)S 1458(I)S 1460(IN)S 1496(NS)S 1571(ST)S 1629(TA)S 1693(AL)S 1768(LL)S 1832(LA)S 1896(AT)S 1971(TI)S 2035(IO)S 2071(ON)S 2146(N)S 5256 V 1080(The)S 1265(instructions)S 1763(that)S 1943(follow)S 2235(are)S 2388(at)S 2490(a)S 2564(very)S 2772(low)S 2952(level)S 3177(and)S 3351(require)S (you)150 3666 A 3845(to)S 3952(be)S 4076(very)S 4284(careful.)S 4644(The)S 4830(big)S 4987(advan-)S 5376 V 1080(tage)S 1280(is)S 1379(that)S (you)150 1562 A (know)223 1744 A 1999(precisely)S 2395(what)S 2623(tools)S 2850(have)S 3072(been)S 3294(used)S 3510(and)S 3687(how)S 3892(everything)S 4354(works.)S 4682(The)S 4870(disadvan-)S 5496 V 1080(tage)S 1274(is)S 1367(that)S 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2706(system)S 3013(into.)S 3247(The)S 3432(best)S 3622(thing)S 3856(to)S 3962(do)S 4090(is)S 4185(to)S 4291(make)S 4537(one)S 4711(large)S 4942(primary)S 6144 V (partition)341 1080 A 1451(of)S 1565(type)S 1768("MINIX")S 2183(and)S 2358(to)S 2466(carve)S 2715(this)S (partition)341 2890 A 3261(up)S 3391(into)S 3577(three)S (subpartitions)519 3809 A 4358(for)S 4506(root)S 4698(and)S 4873(/usr.)S 5104(The)S 6264 V 1080(assumption)S 1562(is)S 1654(that)S (you)150 1830 A (will)157 2005 A 2187(use)S 2346(the)S (second)279 2494 A (partition)341 2798 A 3164(on)S 3289(the)S 3437(\256rst)S 3619(hard)S 3823(disk,)S 10 B 4040(/dev/hd2)S 10 R 4409(,)S 4459(and)S 4630(that)S 10 B 4807(hd2a)S 10 R 5045(is)S 5138(the)S 6384 V 1080(root)S (subpartition)480 1280 A 1798(and)S 10 B 1981(hd2c)S 10 R 2225(is)S 2329(/usr.)S 2567(If)S (you)150 2672 A 2859(want)S 3092(to)S 3207(use)S 3378(the)S 3538(\256rst)S (partition)341 3732 A 4110(on)S 4247(the)S (second)279 4407 A 4723(hard)S 4939(disk)S 5143(for)S 6504 V 1080(instance,)S 1476(then)S (substitute)385 1690 A (hd6)150 2116 A 2307(and)S (hd6[ac])308 2493 A 2842(for)S 3001(the)S (above.)265 3165 A 3496(On)S 3660(a)S 8 R 3741(SCSI)S 10 R 3953(disk)S 4162(it)S (will)157 4260 A 4459(be)S 4596(/dev/sd2)S 4978(for)S 5138(the)S 6624 V (second)279 1080 A (partition)341 1396 A 1774(on)S 1911(the)S 2071(disk)S 2275(at)S 2385(target)S 2652(0.)S 2789(See)S 2972(the)S 3132(section)S 3454(on)S 3591(devices)S 3930(below,)S 4238(and)S 4420(the)S 4580(manual)S 4912(pages)S 5177(of)S 6744 V 10 B 1080(part)S 10 R 1265(\(8\),)S 10 B 1434(hd)S 10 R 1546(\(4\),)S 1715(and)S 10 B 1886(sd)S 10 R 1981(\(4\).)S 2176(Start)S 10 B 2394(part)S 10 R 2606(and)S 2778(select)S 3035(the)S 3185(whole)S 3458(hard)S 3664(disk)S 3858(device)S 4148(\(the)S ("multiple)376 4332 A 4735(of)S 4846(5")S 4964(device\))S 6864 V 1080(that)S (you)150 1256 A 1431(want)S 1652(to)S 1755(install)S 2026(Minix)S 2296(onto.)S 2549(In)S 2658(our)S 2817(example)S 3183(it)S (will)157 3264 A 3446(be)S 10 B 3566(/dev/hd0)S 10 R 3935(.)S 7032 V 1080(Use)S 10 B 1265(part)S 10 R 1478(to)S 1584(make)S 1830(a)S 1903(single)S (partition)341 2171 A 2540(in)S 2647(the)S 2799(primary)S (partition)341 3147 A 3517(table)S 3742(of)S 3855(type)S 4057("MINIX",)S 4496(then)S 4698(hit)S 4833('>')S 4987(on)S 5116(this)S 7152 V 1080(new)S (partition)341 1273 A 1639(to)S 1742(make)S 1985(a)S (subpartition)480 2055 A 2560(table.)S 7320 V 1080(For)S 1245(the)S 1393(root)S (subpartition)480 1580 A (you)150 2085 A 2260(are)S 2409(advised)S 2741(to)S 2844(use)S (1440)200 3003 A 3228(kb)S 3353(exactly.)S 3719(You)S 3918(can)S 4084(make)S 4328(it)S 4410(larger)S 4672(if)S (you)150 4760 A 4936(want)S 5158(to,)S 7440 V 1080(but)S 1235(it)S 1318(is)S 1412(advisable)S 1819(never)S 2070(to)S 2175(let)S 2303(the)S 2453(contents)S 2815(outgrow)S 3177(a)S (\257oppy.)281 3249 A 3581(\(The)S 8 R 3793(ROOT)S 10 R 4039(diskette)S 4378(is)S 4471(a)S (copy)195 4542 A 4763(of)S 4873(a)S 4944(root)S 5132(\256le)S 7903 V 720(September)S 1176(13,)S (1996)200 1326 A 4990(Page)S 5211(2)S 8143 V EP %%Page: 3 3 BP /slant 0 def /height 0 def 480 V 10 R 720(USAGE)S 1065(\()S 1107(8)S 1165(\))S 2696(Eighth)S (Edition)296 2989 A 4782(USAGE)S 5127(\()S 5169(8)S 5227(\))S 960 V 1080(system,)S 1409(and)S (will)157 1579 A 1761(be)S 1881(used)S 2090(to)S 2193(\256ll)S (your)184 2330 A 2539(root)S (subpartition.\))539 2726 A 1128 V 1080(The)S (second)279 1269 A (subpartition)480 1580 A 2092(is)S 2191(either)S 2453(empty)S 2736(or)S 2852(a)S 2929("scratch")S (partition.)366 3329 A 3752(Minix)S 4029(no)S (longer)257 4162 A 4452(uses)S 4658(the)S 10 B 4814(b)S 10 R (subparti-)358 4903 A 1248 V 1080(tion)S 1268(for)S 1418(anything)S 1801(useful)S 2079(anymore,)S 2488(but)S 2648(it)S 2736(has)S 2902(become)S 3247(customary)S 3698(to)S 3808(have)S 4030(root)S 4224(on)S 10 B 4356(a)S 10 R 4438(and)S 4615(/usr)S 4797(on)S 10 B 4928(c)S 10 R 4973(.)S 5054(\(You)S 1368 V 1080(are)S 1229(free)S 1412(to)S (ignore)257 1515 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2239(/mnt)S 6000 V 1440(cpdir)S 10 B-1 1720(-)S 10 B 1777(v)S 1877(/fd0)S 2095(/mnt)S 6120 V 1440(umount)S 1826(/dev/fd0)S 6288 V 10 R 1080(Remove)S 10 B 1447(/mnt/etc/issue)S 10 R 2068(to)S 2179(get)S 2335(rid)S 2480(of)S 2597(the)S 2753("use)S 2961(setup")S 3247(message)S 3621(that)S 3805(greets)S (you)150 4079 A 4262(when)S (you)150 4513 A (boot,)203 4696 A 4932(and)S 5110(edit)S 6408 V 1080(the)S 1232(\256le)S 10 B 1390(/mnt/etc/fstab)S 10 R 2014(to)S 2121(name)S 2368(the)S 2520(devices)S 2851(Minix)S 3125(has)S 3288(been)S 3507(installed)S 3877(on.)S 4056(In)S 4169(our)S 4332(example)S 4702(it)S (should)267 4787 A (look)178 5083 A 6528 V 1080(like)S 1256(this:)S 6696 V 10 B 1440(root=/dev/hd2a)S 6816 V 1440(usr=/dev/hd2c)S 6984 V 10 R (Unmount)379 1080 A 1484(the)S 1632(new)S 1825(root:)S 7152 V 10 B 1440(umount)S 1826(/dev/hd2a)S 7320 V 10 R 1080(Make)S 1334(it)S (bootable:)374 1415 A 7903 V 720(Page)S 941(3)S 4455(September)S 4911(13,)S (1996)200 5061 A 8143 V EP %%Page: 4 4 BP 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1080(By)S 1231(now)S 1438(a)S 1517(new)S 1720(Minix)S 2000(system)S 2314(is)S 2416(present)S 2742(on)S (your)184 2877 A 3096(hard)S 3310(disk.)S 3562(Time)S 3810(to)S 3923(see)S 4087(if)S 4184(it)S 4275(works.)S 4606(Leave)S 4888(the)S 8 R 5041(ROOT)S 2064 V 10 R 1080(diskette)S 1428(in)S 1541(the)S 1699(drive)S 1941(and)S 2121(type)S 10 B 2328(halt)S 10 R 2496(.)S 2580(You)S 2787(are)S 2945(now)S 3152(going)S 3414(to)S 3526(use)S 3694(the)S 3851(power)S 4137(of)S 4255(the)S 4412(Boot)S 4641(Monitor)S 5004(on)S 5138(the)S 2184 V 1080(diskette)S 1424(to)S (boot)178 1533 A 1742(the)S 1896(Minix)S (partition)341 2172 A 2544(on)S 2675(the)S 2829(hard)S 3039(disk.)S 3287(Use)S 3475(the)S 3629(monitor)S 3978(command)S 10 B 4405(boot)S 4626(hd2)S 10 R 4819(to)S (boot)178 4928 A 5138(the)S 2304 V 1080(primary)S (partition)341 1434 A 1810(Minix)S 2090(has)S 2259(been)S 2484(installed)S 2860(in.)S 3023(\(It)S 3154(is)S ("hd2")232 3256 A 3523(in)S 3636(our)S 3805(example.\))S 4265(For)S 4440(a)S 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2209(opt)S 2368(to)S 2477(do)S (without)307 2608 A 2946(the)S 3100(commands)S 3566(sources,)S 3924(as)S 4039(they)S 4243(are)S 4398(not)S 4558(absolutely)S (neces-)258 5003 A 5232 V 1080(sary)S 1273(to)S (understand)441 1376 A 1842(Minix.)S 5400 V 1080(If)S (your)184 1173 A 1382(machine)S 1748(does)S 1957(not)S 2110(have)S (enough)295 2325 A 2645(memory)S 3005(to)S 3108(run)S 10 B 3267(setup)S 3547(/usr)S 10 R 3740(then)S 3938(type)S 4136(these)S 4368(commands)S 4828(manually:)S 5568 V 10 B 1440(cd)S 1591(/usr)S 5688 V 1440(vol)S 1618(/dev/fd0)S 1990(|)S 2037(uncompress)S 2577(|)S 2624(tar)S 2803(xvfp)S 10 B-1 3043(-)S 5856 V 10 R 870(8)S 872(8.)S 924(.)S 976(N)S 978(NA)S 1053(AM)S 1128(ME)S 1219(ES)S 1283(S)S 5976 V 1080(A)S 1178(standalone)S 1633(machine)S (will)157 1999 A 2181(have)S 2396(to)S 2499(be)S 2619(given)S 2867(a)S 2937(name.)S 3230(As)S 10 B 3367(root)S 10 R 3571(type)S 6144 V 10 B 1440(echo)S 10 I 1686(name)S 10 B 1954(>/etc/hostname.\256le)S 6312 V 10 R 1080(to)S 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2631(/usr/mdec/masterboot)S 1296 V 10 R 1080(The)S 1265(number)S 1600(2)S 1678(indicates)S 2064(the)S 2215(hard)S 2422(disk)S (partition)341 2617 A 2986(that)S 3165(must)S 3389(be)S (booted,)298 3513 A (you)150 3840 A 4019(can)S 4188(use)S 4351(the)S 4503(numbers)S 4878(1)S 4957(to)S 5064(9)S 5143(for)S 1416 V (hd1)150 1080 A 1255(to)S (hd9.)175 1358 A 1584 V 870(1)S 872(10)S 924(0.)S 976(.)S 1028(D)S 1030(DE)S 1105(EV)S 1169(VI)S 1244(IC)S 1280(CE)S 1349(ES)S 1413(S)S 1704 V 1080(A)S 1179(crash)S 1418(course)S 1707(on)S 1833(the)S 1982(Minix)S 2253(devices)S 2581(in)S 10 B 2685(/dev)S 10 R 2864(:)S 2918(The)S 3101(two)S 3278(hard)S 3483(disks)S 3716(are)S 3867(named)S 10 B 4162(hd0)S 10 R 4351(and)S 10 B 4523(hd5)S 10 R 4685(.)S 4762(These)S 5030("mul-)S 1824 V 1080(tiple)S 1286(of)S 1397(\256ve")S 1616(devices)S 1945(address)S 2273(the)S 2422(entire)S 2678(hard)S 2883(disk,)S 3101(from)S 3323(the)S 3472(\256rst)S 3655(to)S 3759(the)S 3908(last)S 4074(byte.)S 4323(Each)S 4551(disk)S 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1778(so-called)S ("subpartitions".)626 2169 A 2847(The)S (subpartitions)519 3031 A 3577(of)S 10 B 3688(hd1)S 10 R 3877(are)S 4028(named)S 10 B 4323(hd1a)S 10 R 4535(,)S 10 B 4587(hd1b)S 10 R 4805(,)S 10 B 4857(hd1c)S 10 R 5064(,)S 5116(and)S 2424 V 10 B 1080(hd1d)S 10 R 1298(.)S 1382(The)S 1573(other)S (partitions)380 1814 A 2228(may)S 2435(have)S 2659(four)S (subpartitions)519 2861 A 3414(that)S 3599(are)S 3757(named)S 4059(in)S 4171(the)S 4328(same)S 4570(way)S 4773(by)S 4908(adding)S 5216(a)S 2544 V 1080(letter)S 1322(from)S 10 B 1552(a)S 10 R 1636(to)S 10 B 1747(d)S 10 R 1803(.)S 1886(So)S 2025(one)S 2203(disk)S 2403(may)S 2609(have)S 2832(four)S (partitions,)405 3033 A 3471(and)S 3649(16)S (subpartititions)575 3782 A 4390(total.)S 4652(SCSI)S 4898(disks)S 5137(are)S 2664 V 1080(named)S 1376(in)S 1482(the)S 1633(same)S 1868(way,)S 2089(from)S 10 B 2313(sd0)S 10 R 2486(to)S 10 B 2592(sd39d)S 10 R 2871(for)S 3017(all)S 3146(possible)S 3503(devices)S 3833(for)S 3979(all)S 4108(eight)S 4337(SCSI)S 4578(targets.)S 4925(The)S 5110(two)S 2784 V (\257oppy)256 1080 A 1371(disks)S 1612(are)S 10 B 1771(fd0)S 10 R 1946(and)S 10 B 2126(fd1)S 10 R 2266(.)S 2351(Each)S 2588(may)S 2796(have)S 3021(four)S (partitions)380 3224 A 3639(named)S 10 B 3942(fd0a)S 10 R 4132(,)S 10 B 4192(fd0b)S 10 R 4388(,)S (...)75 4448 A 10 B 4583(fd1d)S 10 R 4779(.)S 4863(The)S 5054(com-)S 2904 V 1080(mand)S 10 B 1333(MAKEDEV)S 10 R (knows)262 1889 A 2181(how)S 2384(to)S 2492(make)S 2740(devices,)S 3097(and)S 10 B 3272(DESCRIBE)S 10 R 3817(can)S 3987(tell)S (you)150 4146 A 4326(what)S 4552(an)S (unknown)373 4678 A 5082(dev-)S 3024 V 1080(ice)S 1224(may)S 1423(be,)S 1569(or)S 1679(even)S 1895(what)S 2117(all)S 2244(devices)S 2572(in)S 10 B 2675(/dev)S 10 R 2879(may)S 3077(be)S 3197(if)S 3284(called)S (without)307 3550 A 3882(arguments.)S 4376(Devices)S 4726(are)S 4875(described)S 3144 V 1080(fully)S 1295(in)S 10 B 1398(dev)S 10 R 1549(\(4\),)S 1717(and)S 1887(in)S 1990(the)S 2138(device)S 2426(speci\256c)S 2759(manual)S 3080(pages)S 3334(like)S 10 B 3510(fd)S 10 R 3600(\(4\))S 3743(and)S 10 B 3913(hd)S 10 R 4025(\(4\).)S 3312 V 870(1)S 872(11)S 924(1.)S 976(.)S 1028(E)S 1030(ED)S 1094(DI)S 1169(IT)S 1205(TO)S 1269(OR)S 1344(RS)S 1413(S)S 3432 V 1080(The)S 1266(editors)S 1569(available)S 1963(are)S 10 B 2117(elvis)S 10 R 2337(\(a)S 10 B 2446(vi)S 10 R 2554(clone\),)S 10 B 2861(elle)S 10 R 3037(\(a)S 3146(simple)S 10 B 3444(emacs)S 10 R 3737(clone\),)S 4044(and)S 4219(the)S 4372(old)S 4530(Minix)S 10 B 4805(mined)S 10 R 5104(edi-)S 3552 V 1080(tor.)S 1274(Of)S 1413(these)S 1651(editors)S 1956(only)S 2165(elvis)S 2386(can)S 2557(recover)S (your)184 2891 A 3106(\256le)S 3266(after)S 3483(a)S 3559(system)S 3869(crash.)S 4163(Only)S 10 B 4395(mined)S 10 R 4695(is)S 4793(available)S 5188(at)S 3672 V 1080(installation)S 1552(time.)S 1806(\(All)S (you)150 1994 A 2169(need)S 2384(to)S (know)223 2487 A (about)223 2735 A 2983(mined)S 3259(right)S 3474(now)S 3672(is)S 3764(that)S 3940(CTRL-X)S 4330(gets)S (you)150 4517 A 4692(out)S 4845(of)S 4954(it.\))S 3840 V 870(1)S 872(12)S 924(2.)S 976(.)S 1028(I)S 1030(IN)S 1066(NS)S 1141(ST)S 1199(TA)S 1263(AL)S 1338(LL)S 1402(LI)S 1466(IN)S 1502(NG)S 1577(G)S 1677(O)S 1679(ON)S 1754(N)S 1854(A)S 1856(A)S 1956(S)S 1958(SC)S 2016(CS)S 2085(SI)S 2143(I)S 2204(D)S 2206(DI)S 2281(IS)S 2317(SK)S 2375(K)S 3960 V 1080(Using)S 1357(a)S 1440(disk)S 1645(other)S 1890(than)S 2101(a)S 10 B 2184(hd)S 10 R 2334(disk)S 2539(complicates)S 3058(things)S 3341(a)S 3424(bit.)S 3618(The)S 3813(Boot)S 4046(Monitor)S 4413(uses)S 4624(the)S 4785(BIOS,)S 5078(so)S 5205(it)S 4080 V 1080(names)S 1369(all)S 1502(disks)S 1740(with)S 10 B 1951(hd)S 10 R 2095(names.)S 2434(So)S 2572(it)S 2660(is)S 10 B 2759(boot)S 2981(hd1)S 10 R 3175(to)S (boot)178 3285 A (partition)341 3495 A 3868(1,)S 3975(and)S 10 B 4152(ramimagedev=sd2a)S 10 R 5023(to)S 5132(tell)S 4200 V 1080(Minix)S 1351(its)S 1472(root)S (partition.)366 1660 A 2077(If)S (you)150 2172 A 2349(have)S 2566(both)S 2771(a)S 2843(normal)S 3155(and)S 3327(a)S 3399(SCSI)S 3639(disk)S 3833(then)S 4033(the)S 4183(disks)S 4416(may)S 4616(be)S 10 B 4738(hd0)S 10 R 4927(and)S 10 B 5099(hd5)S 4320 V 10 R 1080(to)S 1183(the)S 1331(Monitor,)S 1710(and)S 10 B 1880(hd0)S 10 R 2067(and)S 10 B 2237(sd0)S 10 R 2407(to)S 2510(Minix.)S 4488 V 870(1)S 872(13)S 924(3.)S 976(.)S 1028(N)S 1030(NA)S 1105(AT)S 1180(TI)S 1244(IO)S 1280(ON)S 1355(NA)S 1430(AL)S 1505(L)S 1594(K)S 1596(KE)S 1671(EY)S 1735(YB)S 1810(BO)S 1879(OA)S 1954(AR)S 2029(RD)S 2098(DS)S 2173(S)S 4608 V 1080(The)S 1268(directory)S 10 B (/usr/lib/keymaps)716 1663 A 10 R 2410(contains)S 2776(keymap)S 3126(tables)S 3393(for)S 3543(several)S 3861(national)S (keyboards.)438 4217 A 4712(If)S (you)150 4812 A 4994(have)S 5216(a)S 4728 V 1080(German)S (keyboard)374 1430 A 1829(for)S 1972(instance,)S 2352(then)S 4896 V 10 B 1440(loadkeys)S (/usr/lib/keymaps/german.map)1289 1864 A 5064 V 10 R (will)157 1080 A 1275(load)S 1486(the)S 1647(German)S 2010(key)S 2194(translation)S 2658(table)S 2893(into)S 3088(the)S (keyboard)374 3250 A 3663(driver.)S (Copy)217 3993 A 4249(the)S 4411(map)S 4623(to)S 10 B 4740(/etc/keymap)S 5184 V 10 R 1080(once)S 1295(Minix)S 1565(is)S 1657(installed)S 2023(on)S 2148(the)S 2296(hard)S 2500(disk,)S (because)319 2717 A 3061(having)S 3359(to)S 3462(type)S 3660(a)S 3730(key)S 3900(sequence)S 4294(like)S 4470(one)S 4640(of)S 4749(these:)S 5352 V 10 B 1440(loadkezs)S 10 B-1 1859(-)S 10 B 1916(usr)S 10 B-1 2056(-)S 10 B 2113(lib)S 10 B-1 2225(-)S 10 B 2282(kezmaps)S 10 B-1 2657(-)S 10 B 2714(german.map)S 5472 V (loqdkeys)380 1440 A 1870(=usr=lib=key,qps=french.,qp)S 5640 V 10 R 1080(on)S 1209(a)S (reboot)257 1283 A 1569(gets)S 1760(a)S 1834(bit)S (annoying)373 1969 A 2371(after)S 2586(a)S 2661(while.)S 2965(Send)S 3196(corrections)S 3674(and)S 3849(new)S 4047(keymaps)S 4434(to)S 4542(the)S 4695(person)S 4993(named)S 5760 V 1080(below.)S 1401(\(Do)S 1583(not)S 1736(send)S 1945(a)S 2015(Dutch)S 2286(keymap,)S (buy)150 2654 A (yourself)330 2829 A 3184(a)S 3254(real)S (keyboard)374 3431 A 3830(instead.\))S 5928 V 9 R 720(S)S 722(SU)S 774(UG)S 842(GG)S 910(GE)S 978(ES)S 1036(ST)S 1088(TI)S 1146(IO)S 1179(ON)S 1247(NS)S 1315(S)S 6048 V 10 R 1080(Below)S 1379(are)S 1539(a)S 1620(few)S 1809(useful)S (suggestions.)493 2092 A 2647(Some)S 2913(of)S 3034(the)S 3194(information)S 3706(can)S 3883(be)S 4015(of)S 4136(use)S 4307(in)S 4422(other)S 4666(situations)S 5088(than)S 6168 V 1080(described)S 1491(here.)S 6336 V 870(1)S 872(14)S 924(4.)S 976(.)S 1028(V)S 1030(VI)S 1105(IR)S 1141(RT)S 1210(TU)S 1274(UA)S 1349(AL)S 1424(L)S 1513(C)S 1515(CO)S 1584(ON)S 1659(NS)S 1734(SO)S 1792(OL)S 1867(LE)S 1931(ES)S 1995(S)S 6456 V 1080(Hold)S 1316(down)S 1574(the)S 1732(ALT)S 1964(key)S 2144(and)S 2324(press)S 2566(the)S 2724(left)S 2894(or)S 3014(right)S 3240(arrow)S 3512(key,)S 3718(F1,)S 3885(or)S 4005(F2.)S 4197(This)S 4412(switches)S 4795(the)S 4954(console)S 6576 V 1080(between)S 1456(two)S 1647(login)S 1892(sessions.)S 2310(\(Unless)S (you)150 2657 A 2846(have)S 3075(an)S 3209(old)S (mono)228 3376 A 3643(adapter,)S (because)319 4004 A 4362(virtual)S 4664(consoles)S 5049(sit)S 5183(in)S 6696 V 1080(video)S 1328(memory,)S 1713(and)S 1883(a)S (mono)228 1953 A 2206(adapter)S 2528(only)S 2731(has)S 2890(memory)S 3250(for)S 3393(one.\))S 6864 V 1080(Note)S 1301(that)S 1477(kernel)S 1754(messages,)S 2184(including)S 2588(function)S 2948(key)S 3118(output,)S 3424(only)S 3627(appear)S 3921(on)S 4047(the)S 4196(\256rst)S 4379(console.)S 4762(This)S 4967(may)S 5166(be)S 6984 V 1080(confusing,)S 1526(but)S 1679(it)S 1760(keeps)S 2014(the)S 2162(other)S 2394(consoles)S 2765(clean.)S 7152 V 870(1)S 872(15)S 924(5.)S 976(.)S 1028(L)S 1030(LO)S 1094(OW)S 1169(W)S 1291(O)S 1293(ON)S 1368(N)S 1468(M)S 1470(ME)S 1561(EM)S 1625(MO)S 1716(OR)S 1791(RY)S 1860(Y)S 7272 V 1080(The)S 1272(normal)S 1592(installation)S 2074(requires)S 2434(that)S (you)150 2620 A 2806(have)S (enough)295 3032 A 3363(memory)S 3734(for)S 3888(a)S 3969(large)S 4207(RAM)S 4472(disk.)S 4725(You)S 4934(can)S (still)151 5110 A 7392 V 1080(install)S 1356(Minix)S 1631(normally)S 2024(if)S (you)150 2116 A 2296(either)S 2556(have)S 2776(a)S 2851(high)S 3059(density)S 3379(diskette)S 3722(drive)S 3959(for)S 4107(a)S 4182(combined)S 4608(root+usr)S (\257oppy,)281 4980 A 7512 V 1080(or)S (you)150 1194 A 1374(have)S 1594(two)S (\257oppy)256 1775 A 2061(drives)S 2337(of)S 2451(at)S 2554(least)S (720)150 2769 A 2949(kb.)S 3129(Before)S (booting)306 3434 A (you)150 3770 A 3950(have)S 4170(to)S 4278(set)S 4421(the)S 4575(variable)S 10 B 4931(rootdev)S 7903 V 10 R 720(Page)S 941(5)S 4455(September)S 4911(13,)S (1996)200 5061 A 8143 V EP %%Page: 6 6 BP /slant 0 def /height 0 def 480 V 10 R 720(USAGE)S 1065(\()S 1107(8)S 1165(\))S 2696(Eighth)S (Edition)296 2989 A 4782(USAGE)S 5127(\()S 5169(8)S 5227(\))S 960 V 1080(to)S 1183(the)S 1331(same)S 1563(value)S 1806(as)S 10 B 1915(ramimagedev)S 10 R 2502(.)S 2577(This)S 2781(is)S 2873(slower)S 3167(then)S 3365(a)S 3435(RAM)S 3689(disk,)S 3906(but)S 4059(saves)S 4302(a)S 4372(lot)S 4503(of)S 4612(memory.)S 1128 V 1080(The)S 1267(automatic)S 1694(installation)S 2171(script)S (knows)262 2425 A 2717(how)S 2920(to)S 3028(handle)S 3326(this)S 3501(new)S 3699(situation.)S 4126(If)S (you)150 4225 A 4406(install)S 4683(manually)S 5088(then)S 1248 V (you)150 1080 A 1255(have)S 1470(to)S 1573(use)S 1416 V 10 B 1440(cpdir)S 10 B-1 1720(-)S 10 B 1777(vx)S 1927(/)S 2005(/mnt)S 1584 V 10 R 1080(to)S (copy)195 1186 A 1409(the)S 1560(root)S 1750(device)S 2041(to)S 2147(disk.)S 2393(When)S 2662(it)S 2747(is)S 2843(time)S 3051(to)S 3158(\256ll)S 3299(/usr)S 3479(and)S (you)150 3653 A 3832(only)S 4039(have)S 4258(one)S (\257oppy)256 4432 A 4717(drive)S 4953(then)S 5155(hit)S 1704 V 1080(DEL)S 1311(to)S 1423(get)S 1580(out)S 1741(of)S 1858(the)S 2014(installation)S 2494(script)S 2751(and)S (reboot)257 2929 A 3219(as)S 3336(described)S 3755(in)S 3866("TESTING".)S 4453(You)S 4659(can)S 4832(then)S 5038(\256nish)S 1824 V 1080(the)S 1228(installation)S 1700(manually.)S 1992 V 870(1)S 872(16)S 924(6.)S 976(.)S 1028(L)S 1030(LO)S 1094(OW)S 1169(W)S 1291(O)S 1293(ON)S 1368(N)S 1468(M)S 1470(ME)S 1561(EM)S 1625(MO)S 1716(OR)S 1791(RY)S 1860(Y)S 1960(A)S 1962(AN)S 2037(ND)S 2112(D)S 2212(O)S 2214(ON)S 2289(NL)S 2364(LY)S 2428(Y)S 2528(O)S 2530(ON)S 2605(NE)S 2680(E)S 2769(7)S 2771(72)S 2823(20)S 2875(0)S 2952(K)S 2954(KB)S 3029(B)S 3123(F)S 3125(FL)S 3183(LO)S 3247(OP)S 3322(PP)S 3380(PY)S 3438(Y)S 3538(D)S 3540(DR)S 3615(RI)S 3684(IV)S 3720(VE)S 3795(E)S 2112 V 1080(If)S (you)150 1185 A 1372(only)S 1587(have)S 1814(one)S (720)150 1997 A 2185(kb)S (\257oppy)256 2323 A 2617(drive)S 2862(and)S (your)184 3045 A 3267(system)S 3584(is)S 3689(low)S 3878(on)S 4016(memory)S 4389(then)S (you)150 4600 A 4788(can)S 4966(use)S 5138(the)S 2232 V 8 R 1080(TINYROOT)S 10 R (boot)178 1521 A 1727(image.)S 2051(This)S 2258(image)S 2532(contains)S 2895(a)S 2968(small)S 3214(kernel)S 3494(with)S 3700(only)S 3905(the)S 4055(BIOS)S 4312(disk)S 4506(driver,)S 4799(and)S 4971(a)S 5043(small)S 2352 V 1080(root)S 1272(\256le)S 1431(system.)S 1790(You)S 1993(can)S 2163(use)S 2327(this)S 2502(disk)S 2700(to)S (boot)178 2809 A (your)184 3018 A 3233(machine.)S 3655(Use)S 3843(the)S 3997(normal)S 8 R 4308(ROOT)S 10 R 4559(to)S 4668(install)S 4945(the)S 5099(root)S 2472 V 1080(\256le)S 1247(system.)S 1614(Keep)S (booting)306 1865 A (your)184 2209 A 2431(machine)S 2810(with)S 8 R 3021(TINYROOT)S 10 R (until)184 3471 A (you)150 3692 A 3879(have)S 4106(compiled)S 4517(a)S 4599(small)S 4854(kernel)S 5143(for)S 2592 V (your)184 1080 A 1308(system.)S 1681(Use)S 1882(the)S 10 B 2049(rootdev)S 10 R (boot)178 2424 A 2647(variable)S 3017(to)S 3140(select)S 3415(the)S 3583(hard)S 3807(disk)S 4019(root)S 4226(\256le)S 4400(system.)S 4774(Do)S 10 B 4942(not)S 10 R 5127(use)S 2712 V 8 R 1080(TINYROOT)S 10 R 1518(for)S 1661(anything)S 2037(other)S 2269(than)S (booting,)331 2467 A 2823(always)S 3128(use)S 8 R 3282(ROOT)S 10 R 3527(when)S 3770(mentioned.)S 2880 V 870(1)S 872(17)S 924(7.)S 976(.)S 1028(F)S 1030(FL)S 1088(LO)S 1152(OP)S 1227(PP)S 1285(PY)S 1343(Y)S 1443(D)S 1445(DR)S 1520(RI)S 1589(IV)S 1625(VE)S 1700(E)S 1789(1)S 1791(1)S 1868(I)S 1870(IS)S 1906(S)S 1989(A)S 1991(A)S 2091(H)S 2093(HI)S 2168(IG)S 2204(GH)S 2279(H)S 2379(D)S 2381(DE)S 2456(EN)S 2520(NS)S 2595(SI)S 2653(IT)S 2689(TY)S 2753(Y)S 2853(D)S 2855(DR)S 2930(RI)S 2999(IV)S 3035(VE)S 3110(E)S 3000 V 1080(If)S (you)150 1177 A 1356(would)S 1636(like)S 1817(to)S 1925(install)S 2201(from)S (\257oppy)256 2427 A 2713(drive)S 2950(1)S 3030(then)S (you)150 3233 A 3413(need)S 3633(to)S (copy)195 3741 A 3966(at)S 4069(least)S 4284(one)S 4459(sector)S 4730(from)S 4956(the)S 8 R 5104(USR)S 3120 V 10 R 1080(image)S 1351(onto)S 1554(a)S 1624(diskette)S 1962(for)S 2105(drive)S 2337(0.)S 2462(The)S 8 R 2639(USR)S 10 R (bootstrap)374 2821 A 3220(has)S 3379(been)S 3594(rigged)S 3876(to)S (boot)178 3979 A 4182(the)S 4330(other)S 4562(drive.)S 3288 V 870(1)S 872(18)S 924(8.)S 976(.)S 1028(I)S 1030(IN)S 1066(NS)S 1141(ST)S 1199(TA)S 1263(AL)S 1338(LL)S 1402(LI)S 1466(IN)S 1502(NG)S 1577(G)S 1677(O)S 1679(ON)S 1754(N)S 1854(A)S 1856(A)S 1956(S)S 1958(SE)S 2016(EC)S 2080(CO)S 2149(ON)S 2224(ND)S 2299(D)S 2399(H)S 2401(HA)S 2476(AR)S 2551(RD)S 2620(D)S 2720(D)S 2722(DI)S 2797(IS)S 2833(SK)S 2891(K)S 3408 V 1080(Minix)S 1352(doesn't)S 1675(care)S 1871(if)S 1960(it)S 2043(is)S 2137(installed)S 2505(on)S 2632(the)S (second)279 2782 A 3088(disk)S 3282(of)S 3393(a)S 3465(system)S 3771(with)S 3977(two)S 4156(disks.)S 4440(The)S 4625(only)S 4831(problem)S 5194(is)S 3528 V 1080(to)S 1193(get)S 1351(it)S (booted.)298 1442 A 1800(You)S 2008(can)S 2183(either)S 2448(rig)S 2595(up)S 2730(a)S 2810(diskette)S 3158(to)S (boot)178 3271 A 3483(Minix)S 3762(as)S 3880(shown)S 4176(earlier,)S 4494(or)S (you)150 4612 A 4796(can)S 4970(use)S 5138(the)S 3648 V 1080(same)S 1312(trick)S 1522(on)S 1647(the)S 1795(\256rst)S 1977(disk.)S 2219(The)S 2401(command)S 3816 V 10 B 1440(installboot)S 10 B-1 1943(-)S 10 B 2000(m)S 2134(5)S 2234(/dev/hd0)S 2653(/usr/mdec/masterboot)S 3984 V 10 R (will)157 1080 A 1262(lock)S 1460(the)S 1608(\256rst)S 1790(disk)S 1983(into)S (booting)306 2165 A 2497(the)S (second)279 2646 A 2951(disk.)S 3194(Note)S 3416(that)S 3593(this)S 3764(command)S 4186(modi\256es)S 4558(the)S 4707(disk)S 4900(outside)S 5216(a)S 4104 V 1080(Minix)S (partition,)366 1354 A (overwriting)470 1749 A 2248(a)S 2322(bit)S 2457(of)S 2570(code)S 2789(that)S 2968(has)S 3130(likely)S 3387(been)S 3605(put)S 3761(there)S 3991(by)S 4119(DOS)S 4349(fdisk.)S 4628(First)S 4841(verify)S 5110(that)S 4224 V 1080(the)S 1228(Boot)S 1448(Monitor)S 1802(can)S (boot)178 1967 A 2170(a)S 2240(DOS)S (partition,)366 2467 A (because)319 2858 A 3202(then)S 3400(the)S 3548(Minix)S 3818(master)S (bootstrap)374 4112 A 4511(can)S 4676(do)S 4801(it)S 4882(too.)S 4392 V 870(1)S 872(19)S 924(9.)S 976(.)S 1028(L)S 1030(LO)S 1094(OT)S 1169(TS)S 1233(S)S 1316(O)S 1318(OF)S 1393(F)S 1476(M)S 1478(ME)S 1569(EM)S 1633(MO)S 1724(OR)S 1799(RY)S 1868(Y)S 1968(O)S 1970(ON)S 2045(N)S 2145(A)S 2147(A)S 2247(2)S 2249(28)S 2301(86)S 2353(6)S 4512 V 1080(You)S (will)157 1279 A 1462(have)S 1678(a)S 1749(hard)S 1954(time)S 2159(making)S 2486(Minix)S 2757(run)S 2917(out)S 3071(of)S 3181(3)S 3257(Mb)S 3422(memory.)S 3833(Memory)S (you)150 4205 A 4381(can)S 4548(spare)S 4788(can)S 4955(be)S 5077(used)S 4632 V 1080(for)S 1235(a)S ("second)320 1317 A 1673(level)S 1905(block)S (cache")271 2164 A 2471(on)S 2607(the)S 2766(RAM)S 3031(disk.)S 3284(The)S 3477(File)S 3670(System)S 4002(uses)S 4211(the)S (second)279 4370 A 4685(level)S (cache)230 4917 A 5183(to)S 4752 V 1080(store)S 1301(copies)S 1583(of)S 1692(disk)S 1884(blocks)S 2171(that)S 2347(are)S 2496(pushed)S 2805(out)S 2958(of)S 3067(the)S 3215(normal)S 3525(\(primary\))S 3937(block)S (cache.)255 4185 A 4490(The)S 4673(size)S 4856(of)S 4966(the)S 5115(pri-)S 4872 V 1080(mary)S (cache)230 1321 A 1585(is)S 1686(compiled)S 2094(into)S 2284(the)S 2441(FS)S 2587(server,)S 2893(but)S 3055(the)S 3212(size)S 3403(of)S 3520(the)S (second)279 3676 A 3988(level)S (cache)230 4217 A 4480(can)S 4653(be)S 4781(set)S 4926(with)S 5138(the)S 4992 V 10 B 1080(ramsize)S 10 R (boot)178 1443 A 1648(variable.)S 2050(Set)S 2206(it)S 2289(to)S 2394(a)S 2466(number)S 2800(between)S 3163(0)S 3240(and)S (512.)175 3412 A (512)150 3639 A (kilobytes)368 3816 A 4212(is)S (enough)295 4307 A 4630(to)S 4736(keep)S 4954(most)S 5177(of)S 5112 V 1080(the)S 1228(compiler)S (cached.)305 1611 A 5280 V 870(2)S 872(20)S 924(0.)S 976(.)S 1028(L)S 1030(LO)S 1094(OT)S 1169(TS)S 1233(S)S 1316(O)S 1318(OF)S 1393(F)S 1476(M)S 1478(ME)S 1569(EM)S 1633(MO)S 1724(OR)S 1799(RY)S 1868(Y)S 1968(O)S 1970(ON)S 2045(N)S 2145(A)S 2147(A)S 2247(3)S 2249(38)S 2301(86)S 2353(6+)S 2405(+)S 5400 V 1080(Processes)S 1499(can)S 1666(be)S 1788(as)S 1899(big)S 2054(as)S (you'd)234 2165 A 2426(like)S 2604(on)S 2731(a)S (386,)175 2803 A 3005(but)S 3160(in)S 3265(practice)S 3612(4)S 3690(Mb)S 3857(is)S 3952(nice.)S 4198(The)S 4383(installation)S 4858(script)S 5110(sets)S 5520 V 1080(up)S 1210(a)S (second)279 1285 A 1594(level)S (cache)230 1820 A 2080(for)S (Minix-386)429 2228 A 2686(of)S 2799(up)S 2928(to)S (1024)200 3035 A (kilobytes.)393 3264 A 3711(This)S 3919(is)S (because)319 4015 A 4363(the)S 4515(default)S 4824(\256le)S 4982(system)S 5640 V (cache)230 1080 A 1342(is)S 1441(only)S 1651(80)S 1783(kb.)S 1965(Your)S 2204(\256rst)S 2393(point)S 2631(of)S 2747(call)S 2925(is)S 3024(to)S 3135(get)S 3291(rid)S 3436(of)S 3553(the)S (poorly)262 3709 A 4004(performing)S (second)279 4490 A 4802(level)S (cache)230 5031 A 5760 V 1080(and)S 1252(to)S 1357(assign)S 1635(the)S 1785(memory)S 2147(used)S 2358(by)S 2485(it)S 2568(to)S 2673(the)S 2823(normal)S 3135(block)S (cache)230 3385 A 3641(by)S 3767(enlarging)S 4173(the)S 4322(appropriate)S 10 B 4807(NR_BUFS)S 5880 V 10 R 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2665(for)S (Minix-386)429 2810 A 3266(and)S (128)150 3438 A 3615(Mb)S 3781(for)S 3927(Minix-86.)S 4384(\(Minix-86)S 4825(can)S 4993(handle)S 6528 V 1080(larger)S 1348(\256le)S 1509(systems,)S 1884(but)S 10 B 2044(fsck)S 10 R 2250(can't)S 2484(check)S 2751(them.\))S 3068(Note)S 3296(that)S 3479(a)S 3556(Minix)S 3833(\256le)S 3994(system)S 4304(can)S 4475(only)S 4684(contain)S (65535)250 5011 A 6648 V (inodes)262 1080 A 1376(\(\256les\),)S 1671(so)S 1794(the)S 1951(average)S 2299(\256le)S (should)267 2462 A 2763(be)S 2892(16)S 3026(kb)S 3161(to)S 3274(completely)S 3756(\256ll)S 3903(it.)S 4044(It)S 4141(may)S 4349(be)S 4479(better)S 4744(to)S 4857(make)S 5110(two)S 6768 V 1080(smaller)S 1402(\256le)S 1556(systems.)S 1949(Besides,)S 2312(fsck)S 2505(takes)S 2737(forever)S 3054(on)S 3179(a)S 3249(large)S 3476(\256le)S 3630(system.)S 6936 V 9 R 720(S)S 722(SY)S 774(YS)S 842(ST)S 894(TE)S 952(EM)S 1010(M)S 1130(A)S 1132(AD)S 1200(DM)S 1268(MI)S 1350(IN)S 1383(NI)S 1451(IS)S 1484(ST)S 1536(TR)S 1594(RA)S 1656(AT)S 1724(TI)S 1782(IO)S 1815(ON)S 1883(N)S 7056 V 10 R 1080(The)S 1267(system)S 1576(has)S 1740(been)S 1960(set)S 2102(up)S 2232(with)S 2441(the)S 2594(idea)S 2792(that)S 2973(working)S 3338(as)S 3452(root)S 3644(is)S 3741(a)S 3816(bad)S 3991(thing)S 4227(to)S 4335(do.)S 4515(As)S 4657(root)S (you)150 4849 A 5029(are)S 5183(in)S 7176 V 1080(no)S 1207(way)S 1401(protected)S 1802(from)S 2024(doing)S 2278(stupid)S 2549(things.)S 2870(So)S (don't)212 3002 A 3240(do)S 3366(development)S 3911(as)S 4021(root,)S 4234(but)S 4388(work)S 4621(as)S 10 B 4731(bin)S 10 R 4871(!)S 4956(Only)S 5183(in)S 7296 V 1080(exceptional)S 1574(cases)S 1818(do)S (you)150 1949 A 2130(want)S 2357(to)S 2466(become)S 2810(root.)S 3053(Being)S 3324(root)S 3517(is)S 3615(fun)S 3780(for)S 3929(wannabe)S 4318(hackers;)S 4685(administrators)S 7416 V (know)223 1080 A 1328(better.)S 7903 V 720(September)S 1176(13,)S (1996)200 1326 A 4990(Page)S 5211(6)S 8143 V EP %%Page: 7 7 BP /slant 0 def 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2172(they)S 2379(all)S 2514(have)S 2738(one)S (face)169 2917 A 3120(\(password\))S 3602(to)S 3714(the)S 3871(outside)S 4195(world,)S 4489(forming)S 4847(no)S 4980(greater)S 1440 V 1080(security)S 1424(risk)S 1600(than)S 1798(root)S 1985(alone.)S 1608 V 1080(The)S 1268(home)S 1522(directory)S 1917(of)S 2032(bin)S 2191(contains)S 2557(one)S 2733(important)S 3155(Make\256le.)S 3594(You)S 3798(can)S 3969(use)S 4134(it)S 4221(to)S 4331(recompile)S 4766(all)S 4899(the)S 5054(com-)S 1728 V 1080(mands)S 1373(and)S 1549(libraries)S 1911(of)S 2026(the)S 2180(system.)S 2540(Type)S 10 B 2778(make)S 10 R 3044(to)S 3153(see)S 3313(the)S 3467(usage)S 3727(message.)S 4149(If)S (you)150 4248 A 4428(want)S 4654(to)S 4762(compile)S 5116(just)S 1848 V 1080(one)S 1255(command)S 1681(then)S (you)150 1884 A 2064(can)S 2234(simply)S 2537(type)S 10 B 2740(make)S 10 R 3005(to)S 3114(do)S 3245(so.)S 3415(To)S 3558(put)S 3717(it)S 3804(in)S 3913(its)S 4039(proper)S (place)213 4333 A (you)150 4577 A 4758(have)S 4979(to)S 5088(type)S 1968 V 10 B 1080(make)S 1349(install)S 10 R 1612(.)S 1696(Read)S 1937(the)S 2094(Make\256les)S 2525(in)S 2637(the)S 10 B 2794(commands)S 10 R 3291(and)S 10 B 3469(lib)S 10 R (subdirectories)565 3614 A 4212(to)S (understand)441 4323 A 4797(how)S 5003(every-)S 2088 V 1080(thing)S 1315(is)S 1411(put)S 1568(together.)S 1977(If)S (you)150 2074 A 2253(are)S 2407(tight)S 2621(on)S 2751(memory)S 3116(then)S 10 B 3319(make)S 10 R 3584(may)S 3787(fail)S 3952(to)S 4060(traverse)S 4410(down)S 4663(the)S 4816(source)S 5109(tree)S 2208 V 1080(and)S 1266(also)S 1469(compile)S 1834(things.)S 2170(You)S (will)157 2384 A 2582(have)S 2813(to)S 2932(type)S 10 B 3146(make)S 10 R 3422(in)S (each)185 3540 A (subdirectory.)528 3765 A 4358(You)S 4571(can)S 4751(run)S 4925(make)S 5183(in)S 2328 V 1080(/usr/src)S 1402(at)S 1500(the)S 1648(end)S 1818(to)S 1921(see)S 2075(if)S (you've)279 2162 A 2466(missed)S 2770(something)S 3213(or)S 3322(not.)S 2496 V 1080(The)S 1265(login)S 1499(shell)S 1717(of)S 1829(bin)S 1985(is)S 10 B 2080(ash)S 10 R 2225(,)S 2278(the)S 2429(BSD)S 2653(shell.)S 2921(It)S 3011(has)S 3173(been)S 3391(modi\256ed)S 3776(to)S 3882(offer)S 4107(simple)S 4404(line)S (editing)279 4584 A 4892(using)S 5138(the)S 2616 V 10 B 1080(editline)S 10 R 1400(\(3\))S 1560(library.)S 10 B 1921(Ash)S 10 R 2131(is)S 2240(rather)S 2518(big,)S 2713(so)S (you)150 2844 A 3036(may)S 3251(have)S 3482(to)S 3601(change)S 3927(bin's)S 4169(shell)S 4400(back)S 4631(to)S 10 B 4750(/bin/sh)S 10 R 5082(with)S 2736 V 10 B 1080(chsh)S 10 R 1276(\(1\))S 1419(if)S (you)150 1506 A 1681(are)S 1830(low)S 2006(on)S 2131(memory.)S 2541(Do)S 2689(not)S 2842(change)S 3152(root's)S 3412(shell)S 3627(to)S 3730(ash,)S 3914(and)S 4084(do)S 4209(not)S (replace)292 4362 A 4679(/bin/sh)S 4977(by)S 5102(ash.)S 2856 V 1080(It)S 1167(may)S 1365(run)S 1524(out)S 1677(of)S 1786(memory)S 2146(at)S 2244(the)S (wrong)257 2392 A 2674(moment.)S 3024 V 1080(The)S 1266(kernel)S 1547(is)S 1643(not)S 1800(compiled)S 2203(from)S 2428(the)S 2580(master)S 2878(Make\256le.)S 3315(To)S 3456(make)S 3703(a)S 3777(new)S 3974(kernel)S (you)150 4255 A 4434(have)S 4653(to)S 4760(step)S 4952(into)S 5138(the)S 3144 V 10 B 1080(tools)S 10 R 1306(directory.)S 1745(There)S (you)150 2006 A 2181(can)S 2346(run)S 2505(four)S 2698(different)S 3071(make)S 3314(commands:)S 3312 V 10 B 1080(make)S 10 R 1440(This)S 1644(makes)S 1926(all)S 2052(the)S 2200(different)S 2573(kernel)S 2850(parts)S 3071(and)S 3241(combines)S 3651(them)S 3877(in)S 3980(the)S 4128(\256le)S 4282(named)S 10 B 4575(image)S 10 R 4832(.)S 3480 V 10 B 1080(make)S 1340(fdboot)S 3600 V 10 R 1440(As)S (above)240 1580 A 1848(and)S 2022(then)S 2224(makes)S 2510(a)S (boot)178 2584 A (\257oppy)256 2791 A 3076(that)S (you)150 3256 A 3435(can)S 3604(use)S 3767(to)S 3874(restart)S (your)184 4156 A 4369(system)S 4677(with.)S 4935(You)S 5137(are)S 3720 V 1440(prompted)S 1850(for)S 1993(the)S (\257oppy)256 2141 A 2422(device)S 2710(name.)S 3888 V 10 B 1080(make)S (hdboot)302 1340 A 4008 V 10 R 1440(First)S 1650(makes)S 1933(the)S 2082(image)S 2354(\256le)S 2509(and)S 2680(then)S 2879(copies)S 3162(it)S 3244(into)S 3426(the)S 3575(directory)S 10 B 3965(/minix)S 10 R 4239(.)S 4315(If)S 4409(there)S 4637(are)S 4787(already)S 5110(two)S 4128 V 1440(images)S 1756(in)S 1865(that)S 2047(directory)S 2442(then)S 2646(the)S 2800(newest)S 3111(image)S (will)157 3387 A 3574(be)S 3699(removed)S 4081(to)S 4189(make)S (space)224 4437 A 4691(for)S 4839(this)S 5014(newer)S 4248 V 1440(image.)S 1770(It)S 1866(is)S 1967(assumed)S 2347(that)S 2532(the)S 2689(oldest)S 2963(image)S 3243(is)S 3344(the)S 3501(most)S 3730(stable)S 3999(system)S 4312(image,)S 4617(one)S 4796(that)S 4981(always)S 4368 V 1440(works,)S 1749(and)S 1932(that)S 2121(the)S 2281(newest)S 2598(image)S 2881(is)S 2985(experimental.)S 3598(Check)S 3892(beforehand)S 4382(what)S 10 B 4615(/minix)S 10 R 4926(contains)S 4488 V 1440(before)S (you)150 1724 A 1900(run)S 10 B 2060(make)S (hdboot)302 2321 A 10 R 2623(.)S 2700(Remove)S 3062(the)S 3212(oldest)S 3479(image)S 3752(if)S (you)150 3841 A 4018(want)S 4241(another)S 4570(image)S 4843(to)S 4948(become)S 4608 V 1440(the)S 1589(stable)S 1850(image.)S 2172(The)S 2355(Boot)S 2576(Monitor)S (chooses)318 2931 A 3275(the)S 3424(newest)S 3730(image)S 4002(in)S 10 B 4106(/minix)S 10 R 4406(to)S (boot.)203 4510 A 4764(You)S 4962(can)S 5127(use)S 4728 V 1440(the)S 1594(monitor)S 1943(command)S 10 B 2371(ls)S 2470(minix)S 10 R 2748(to)S 2858(view)S 3086(the)S 3241(images)S 3558(present,)S 3906(and)S 4083(set)S 4227(the)S 10 B 4382(image)S 10 R 4671(variable)S 5028(to)S 5138(the)S 4848 V 1440(full)S 1617(name)S 1872(of)S 1993(the)S 2153(image)S (you)150 2436 A 2623(want)S 2856(to)S 2971(use)S 3142(instead)S 3464(if)S 3563(the)S 3723(newest)S 4040(doesn't)S 4373(work.)S 4667(The)S 4861(images)S 5183(in)S 4968 V 10 B 1440(/minix)S 10 R 1742(are)S 1894(named)S 2190(using)S 2435(the)S 2586(Minix)S 2859(release)S 3168(and)S 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10 R 1785(to)S 1909(exclude,)S 2293(or)S 10 B 2423(1)S 10 R 2519(to)S 2643(include)S 2985(a)S 3075(particular)S 3507(driver.)S 3843(Another)S 4218(driver)S 4504(related)S 4824(variable)S 5194(is)S 5736 V 10 B 1080(DMA_SECTORS)S 10 R 1841(.)S 1919(This)S 2126(variable)S 2479(sets)S 2658(the)S 2809(size)S 2994(of)S 3106(a)S 3179(buffer)S 3454(used)S 3666(by)S 3794(DMA)S 4057(based)S 4314(disk)S 4509(drivers)S 4817(\(all)S 4981(but)S 5138(the)S 5856 V (\257oppy,)281 1080 A 1392(AT/IDE,)S 1780(and)S 1956(Adaptec)S 2323(drivers\).)S 2718(Raise)S 2973(its)S 3099(value)S 3348(to)S 3457(greatly)S 3768(improve)S (throughput,)465 4134 A 4630(especially)S 5064(writ-)S 5976 V 1080(ing.)S 1284(A)S 1383(value)S 1627(of)S 1737(16)S 1863(shows)S (good)200 2141 A 2368(results.)S 2708(\(The)S 2926(BIOS)S 3183(driver)S 3451(bene\256ts)S 3791(most,)S (because)319 4038 A 4384(it)S 4467(is)S 4561(a)S (long)178 4633 A 4838(way)S 5033(to)S 5138(the)S 6096 V 1080(BIOS)S 1337(from)S 1560(protected)S 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3115(of)S (pseudo-ttys.)488 3237 A 3788(You)S 3999(need)S (pseudo-ttys)463 4227 A 4728(to)S 4844(be)S 4977(able)S 5183(to)S 6696 V 1080(login)S 1336(remotely)S 1744(over)S 1973(a)S 2068(network)S 2448(with)S 2677(the)S 10 B 2850(rlogin)S 10 R 3157(command.)S 3654(Each)S 3907(remote)S 4238(login)S 4495(session)S 4836(needs)S 5116(one)S 6816 V (pseudo-tty.)449 1080 A 1598(If)S (you)150 1710 A 1904(fear)S 2106(that)S 2300(the)S 2466(system)S (will)157 2788 A 2988(now)S 3204(run)S 3381(out)S 3552(of)S 3679(processes)S 4108(then)S 4324(increase)S 10 B 4698(NR_PROCS)S 10 R 5236(.)S 6936 V 1080(Con\256guring)S 1595(a)S 1670(new)S 1868(kernel)S 2151(is)S 2249(sometimes)S 2710(not)S (enough)295 2869 A 3195(to)S 3304(enable)S 3598(new)S 3797(devices,)S (you)150 4155 A 4336(sometimes)S 4797(need)S 5018(to)S 5127(use)S 7056 V 1080(the)S 10 B 1230(MAKEDEV)S 10 R 1783(command)S 2206(to)S 2311(make)S 2556(new)S 2751(device)S 3041(\256les)S 3236(in)S 10 B 3341(/dev)S 10 R 3520(.)S 3597(For)S (pseudo-ttys)463 3764 A (you)150 4254 A 4430(also)S 4618(have)S 4834(to)S 4938(check)S 5199(if)S 7176 V 10 B 1080(/etc/ttytab)S 10 R 1543(mentiones)S 1981(the)S 2129(new)S 2322(devices.)S 7344 V 1080(New)S (additions)368 1302 A 1701(to)S 1810(the)S 1964(system)S 2274(can)S 2445(be)S 2571(made)S 2820(in)S 2929(the)S 10 B 3083(/usr/local)S 10 R 3511(tree.)S 3744(An)S 3898(empty)S 4181(directory)S 4577(tree)S 4761(has)S 4927(been)S 5149(set)S 7464 V 1080(up)S 1213(for)S (you)150 1364 A 1547(and)S 1725(binaries)S 2077(and)S 2255(manual)S 2584(pages)S 2846(are)S 3003(already)S 3333(in)S 3444(the)S 3600(search)S 3891(paths.)S 4186(You)S 4392(can)S 4565(make)S 4816(a)S 4893(new)S 5093(user)S 7903 V 720(Page)S 941(7)S 4455(September)S 4911(13,)S (1996)200 5061 A 8143 V EP %%Page: 8 8 BP /slant 0 def /height 0 def 480 V 10 R 720(USAGE)S 1065(\()S 1107(8)S 1165(\))S 2696(Eighth)S (Edition)296 2989 A 4782(USAGE)S 5127(\()S 5169(8)S 5227(\))S 960 V 1080(entry)S 1312(with)S 1516(the)S 10 B (adduser)347 1664 A 10 R 2036(command.)S 1128 V 1080(The)S 10 B 1266(TZ)S 10 R 1429(variable)S 1783(in)S 10 B 1890(/etc/pro\256le)S 10 R 2379(tells)S 2576(the)S 2728(time)S 2936(zone)S 3156(offset)S 3416(from)S 3642(the)S 3795(wall)S 3999(clock)S 4247(time)S 4456(to)S 4564(GMT.)S 4868(You)S 5071(have)S 1248 V 1080(to)S 1183(change)S 1493(it)S 1574(for)S (your)184 1717 A 1926(time)S 2130(zone.)S 2395(\(See)S 10 B 2600(TZ)S 10 R 2734(\(5\).\))S 1416 V 1080(The)S 1270(function)S 1638(keys)S (produce)324 1855 A (debug)245 2212 A 2491(dumps,)S 2817(showing)S 3191(various)S 3521(interesting)S 3980(data)S (about)223 4182 A 4439(the)S 4596(system.)S 4959(F1)S 5099(lists)S 1536 V 1080(processes)S 1504(and)S 1687(F5)S 1831(shows)S 2120(ethernet)S 2483(stats,)S 2725(which)S 3009(may)S 3220(be)S 3353(of)S 3475(use)S 3647(now.)S 3908(Read)S 10 B 4153(console)S 10 R 4466(\(4\))S 4622(to)S (know)223 4738 A 4999(all)S 5138(the)S 1656 V 1080(details)S 1368(of)S 1477(the)S 1625(screen)S 1908(and)S (keyboard.)399 2078 A 1824 V 870(2)S 872(22)S 924(2.)S 976(.)S 1028(S)S 1030(SY)S 1088(YS)S 1163(ST)S 1221(TE)S 1285(EM)S 1349(M)S 1465(S)S 1467(SH)S 1525(HU)S 1600(UT)S 1675(TD)S 1739(DO)S 1814(OW)S 1889(WN)S 1986(N)S 1944 V 1080(You)S 1280(can't)S 1509(just)S 1681(turn)S 1870(a)S 1942(Minix)S 2214(system)S 2520(off.)S 2715(Minix)S 2987(must)S 3209(be)S 3331(told)S 3514(to)S 3619(\257ush)S 3841(the)S 3991(modi\256ed)S 4375(data)S 4570(in)S 4675(the)S 4825(\256le)S 4982(system)S 2064 V (cache)230 1080 A 1335(\256rst.)S 1567(The)S 1749(following)S 2165(commands/keystrokes)S 3083(can)S 3248(be)S 3368(used)S 3577(to)S 3680(exit)S 3856(Minix)S 4126(properly:)S 2232 V 10 B 1080(shutdown)S 2352 V 10 R 1440(First)S 1658(alert)S 1871(all)S 2005(users)S 2245(and)S 2423(then)S 2629(all)S 2763(processes)S 3182(of)S 3299(the)S 3455(impending)S 3917(shutdown)S 4340(then)S 4546(halt)S 4730(or)S (reboot)257 4847 A 5138(the)S 2472 V 1440(system)S 1744(in)S 1847(one)S 2017(of)S 2126(various)S 2447(ways.)S 2729(See)S 10 B 2900(shutdown)S 10 R 3320(\(8\).)S 2640 V 10 B 1080(reboot)S 1385(/)S 1438(halt)S 2760 V 10 R 1440(Alert)S 1673(all)S 1799(processes)S 2210(of)S 2319(the)S 2467(system)S 2771(shutdown)S 3186(then)S (reboot)257 3384 A 3666(or)S 3775(halt.)S 2928 V 8 B 1080(CTRL)S 8 B-1 1304(-)S 8 B 1350(ALT)S 8 B-1 1516(-)S 8 B 1562(DEL)S 3048 V 10 R 1440(Halt)S 1639(the)S 1787(system)S 2091(by)S (running)312 2216 A 10 B 2553(shutdown)S 10 B-1 2998(-)S 10 B 3055(h)S 3136(now)S 10 R 3315(.)S 3216 V 1080(Minix)S 1350(halts)S 1565(by)S 1690(returning)S 2084(to)S 2187(the)S 2335(Boot)S 2556(Monitor,)S 2936(Minix)S (reboots)296 3207 A 3529(by)S 3655(instructing)S 4111(the)S 4260(monitor)S 4604(to)S (reboot)257 4708 A 4991(Minix.)S 3336 V 1080(\(Minix)S 1396(is)S 1500(just)S 1682(a)S (subprocess)441 1763 A 2240(to)S 2354(the)S 2513(monitor.\))S 2951(Either)S 3234(halt)S 3421(Minix)S 3702(and)S 3883(use)S 4053(monitor)S 4407(commands)S 4878(to)S 4992(escape)S 3456 V 1080(Minix,)S 1375(or)S 1484(use)S 10 B 1643(shutdown)S 10 B-1 2088(-)S 10 B 2145(R)S 10 R 2243(to)S 2346(reset)S 2562(the)S 2710(system.)S 3624 V 9 R 720(F)S 722(FI)S 774(IL)S 807(LE)S 865(ES)S 923(S)S 3744 V 10 B 1080(/usr/ast)S 10 R (Honorary)386 1680 A 2107(home)S 2371(directory)S 2777(of)S 2903(Andew)S 3236(S.)S 3359(Tanenbaum.)S (Doubles)335 3926 A 4303(as)S 4429(the)S (place)213 4594 A 4849(where)S 5138(the)S 3864 V 1680(default)S 1985(setup)S 2222(for)S 2365(a)S 2435(new)S 2628(user)S 2821(is)S (found.)259 2913 A 4032 V 9 R 720(S)S 722(SE)S 774(EE)S 832(E)S 913(A)S 915(AL)S 983(LS)S 1041(SO)S 1093(O)S 4152 V 10 B 1080(monitor)S 10 R 1427(\(8\),)S 10 B 1635(boot)S 10 R 1825(\(8\),)S 10 B 2033(part)S 10 R 2218(\(8\),)S 10 B 2426(mkfs)S 10 R 2639(\(1\),)S 10 B 2847(mount)S 10 R 3127(\(8\),)S 10 B 3336(M)S 10 R 3431(\(8\),)S 10 B 3640(fstab)S 10 R 3853(\(5\),)S 10 B 4062(hier)S 10 R 4236(\(7\),)S 10 B 4445(console)S 10 R 4758(\(4\),)S 10 B 4967(dev)S 10 R 5118(\(4\),)S 4272 V 10 B (adduser)347 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4293(some)S 4533(crippled)S 4891(if)S (you)150 4981 A 5160(lie)S 5904 V 1080(to)S 1187(Minix)S 1461(by)S (setting)268 1590 A 10 B 1887(processor)S 10 R 2330(to)S 10 B 2437(86)S 10 R 2537(.)S 2616(Almost)S 2941(no)S 3070(PS/2)S 3289(has)S 3452(a)S 3526(standard)S 3896(disk,)S 4117(so)S (setting)268 4235 A 10 B 4532(hd)S 10 R 4673(to)S 10 B 4780(esdi)S 10 R 4976(or)S 10 B 5088(bios)S 6024 V 10 R (will)157 1080 A 1262(be)S (necessary.)417 1382 A 6192 V 1080(While)S 1353(testing)S 1648(a)S 1720(full)S 1887(library)S 2183(rebuild)S 2495(of)S 2606(this)S 2778(distribution)S 3268(it)S 3351(sometimes)S 3808(happened)S 4220(that)S 4398(some)S 4637(things)S 4909(were)S 5133(not)S 6312 V 1080(put)S 1238(back)S 1458(into)S 1643(the)S 1795(library.)S 2143(This)S 2351(seems)S 2626(to)S 2733(be)S 2857(\256xed,)S 3112(but)S 3269(we)S 3416(do)S 3545(not)S (understand)441 3702 A 4172(why)S 4374(the)S 4526(\256x)S 4661(\256xed)S 4891(the)S 5043(prob-)S 6432 V 1080(lem.)S 1306(So)S 1437(if)S (you)150 1524 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